TABLE 2.
Values of fungal parameters of Verticillium dahliae treated with 16 different bacterial isolates (CrR14, CrR18, CrR04, MTR12, MTR18, CM0R1, CMR03, CML04, CMR25, MTR17a, MTR17d, MTR17f, MTR17g, MTR17h, MTR17b, MTR17c) and Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 in dual-culture and dual-plate assays. Values were estimated as the percentage of inhibition compared to control (V.d.).
| Treatment |
Fungal parametersa |
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|
Dual-culture assays (confrontation test) |
Dual-plate assays (volatile test) |
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| RGI (%) | SI (%) | HWT (%)b | MFI (%) | RGI (%)c | SI (%)d | HWT (%)e | MFI (%)f | |
| V.d. | 0.00 h | 0.00 e | 0.00 d | 0.00 f | 0.00 cde | 0.00 b | 0.00 de | 0.00 cde |
| V.d. + CrR14 | 52.92 c | 70.87 cd | 25.21 abc | 68.98 ab | 8.75 c | 83.08 a | 18.46 abcd | 13.56 bcd |
| V.d. + CrR18 | 76.78 b | 57.11 d | 33.53 a | 52.41 bcde | −1.97 cde | 79.68 a | 22.33 ab | 24.99 cde |
| V.d. + CrR04 | 45.73 cd | 74.30 bc | 20.56 abcd | 47.88 bcde | 4.66 cd | 21.84 ab | 21.09 abc | 71.91 ab |
| V.d. + MTR12 | 23.97 ef | 92.94 a | 22.92 abc | 26.65 cdef | −3.83 cde | 82.75 a | 25.99 a | −20.10 cde |
| V.d. + MTR18 | 33.95 de | 89.36 bc | 23.49 abc | 34.23 bcdef | −2.78 cde | 83.13 a | 30.95 a | −1.86 cde |
| V.d. + CMR01 | 21.91 ef | 81.46 abc | 30.26 ab | 60.41 abcd | −1.54 cde | 84.81 a | 30.72 a | −25.08 cde |
| V.d. + CMR03 | 27.22 ef | 88.34 abc | 17.56 abcd | 47.42 bcde | 7.70 c | 56.63 ab | 21.45 abc | 42.98 abc |
| V.d. + CML04 | 59.69 c | 70.31 cd | 18.10 abcd | 65.11 abc | −1.10 cde | 78.68 a | 28.22 a | −32.44 de |
| V.d. + CMR25 | 23.15 ef | 79.00 abc | 13.67 abcd | 23.94 def | −3.58 cde | 70.63 ab | 17.55 abcd | −12.64 cde |
| V.d. + MTR17a | 45.22 cd | 82.66 abc | 6.89 cd | 22.63 def | −8.86 de | −100.42 c | −5.11 e | −43.35 cd |
| V.d. + MTR17d | 45.85 cd | 83.99 abc | 5.56 ab | 32.93 bcdef | 3.31 cd | 74.61 ab | −3.78 e | −2.18 de |
| V.d. + MTR17f | 51.46 c | 74.21 bc | 10.89 bcd | 18.77 ab | −16.21 e | 77.33 ab | 1.56 de | −60.99 e |
| V.d. + MTR17g | 16.75 fg | 5.29 e | 21.33 abc | 62.41 abcd | −4.50 cde | 38.33 ab | 3.00 cde | −2.99 cde |
| V.d. + MTR17h | 2.86 gh | 70.53 cd | 5.59 cd | −67.79 g | 55.99 b | −116.97 c | 5.59 bcde | −298.98 f |
| V.d. + MTR17b | 49.02 cd | 81.79 abc | 0.58 d | 22.91 def | 74.57 a | −120.55 c | 0.58 de | 97.83 a |
| V.d. + MTR17c | 60.21 c | 91.26 a | 7.60 cd | 24.02 def | 69.06 ab | −88.87 c | 6.35 bcde | 99.28 a |
| V.d. + TRIANUM-P | 95.79 a | 79.46 abc | nm | 98.91 a | ne | ne | ne | ne |
aFungal parameters were calculated according to the formula: [(Vc-Vt)/Vc] × 100 where Vc = the microscopic value of V. dahliae in control and Vt = the respective value of V. dahliae toward the antagonistic isolate in dual-culture or dual-plate assays. Each value represents the mean of 3 replicates. RGI, (radial growth inhibition; SI, (sporulation (spore production) inhibition; HWT, (hyphae width thinning; MFI, (microsclerotia formation inhibition. Within columns, values followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test at P ≤ 0.05.
b“nm” indicates that HWT values were not measured since T. harzianum overgrown V. dahliae in dual-culture assays and pathogen hyphae could not be identified.
c, d, e, f“ne” indicates that RGI, SI, HWT and MFI were not estimated since T. harzianum could reach directly V. dahliae even in dual-plate assays.