TABLE 2.
Results of the unimodal test functions.
| ID | Metric | CLGBO | CGBO | LGBO | GBO | GWO | CS | ABC | WOA | ISA |
| F1 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 1.15E-309 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.26E-135 | 4.33E-29 | 4.44E-05 | 6.25E-10 | 9.43E-89 | 2.94E + 00 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 6.85E-309 | 3.61E-316 | 1.46E-125 | 3.87E-27 | 2.52E-02 | 1.77E-02 | 6.75E-80 | 9.87E + 01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 7.96E-125 | 7.73E-27 | 1.17E-01 | 6.49E-02 | 2.45E-79 | 1.92E + 02 | |
| F2 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.33E-206 | 2.79E-108 | 1.46E-06 | 1.90E-76 | 9.17E-141 | 6.76E-09 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 3.29E-193 | 4.17E-97 | 1.81E + 01 | 3.76E-54 | 1.56E-110 | 1.61E-01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.87E-96 | 8.44E + 01 | 2.06E-53 | 7.86E-110 | 6.00E-01 | |
| F3 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 5.59E-311 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.50E-138 | 2.25E-31 | 5.38E-03 | 2.11E-08 | 2.88E + 01 | 4.16E-04 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 1.10E-297 | 9.88E-324 | 2.40E-128 | 5.78E-29 | 9.00E-01 | 1.32E + 00 | 5.52E + 03 | 1.54E-02 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.21E-127 | 1.48E-28 | 1.70E + 00 | 2.68E + 00 | 3.85E + 03 | 2.88E-02 | |
| F4 | Best | 1.87E + 01 | 1.79E + 01 | 1.83E + 01 | 1.98E + 01 | 2.52E + 01 | 2.96E + 01 | 3.97E + 01 | 2.69E + 01 | 2.35E + 01 |
| AVG | 2.14E + 01 | 2.10E + 01 | 2.16E + 01 | 2.16E + 01 | 2.68E + 01 | 1.39E + 02 | 6.93E + 01 | 2.75E + 01 | 7.56E + 01 | |
| SD | 1.41E + 00 | 1.32E + 00 | 1.86E + 00 | 8.03E-01 | 7.53E-01 | 2.37E + 02 | 5.50E + 01 | 4.12E-01 | 5.18E + 01 | |
| F5 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 2.25E-309 | 0.00E + 00 | 3.92E-140 | 1.61E-34 | 6.67E-06 | 4.06E-16 | 2.63E-94 | 2.54E-05 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 3.79E-298 | 1.98E-323 | 8.86E-131 | 5.60E-33 | 5.16E-04 | 1.56E-08 | 2.86E-84 | 1.50E-01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 4.07E-130 | 5.84E-33 | 7.63E-04 | 7.60E-08 | 1.11E-83 | 7.42E-01 | |
| F6 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 3.06E-308 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.35E-136 | 1.12E-31 | 1.22E-02 | 1.48E-10 | 2.90E-89 | 2.80E-02 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 1.10E-293 | 1.34E-321 | 9.61E-129 | 5.14E-30 | 1.88E-01 | 6.39E + 00 | 1.30E-81 | 6.14E + 01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 4.92E-128 | 8.14E-30 | 3.04E-01 | 3.50E + 01 | 5.59E-81 | 1.65E + 02 |