TABLE 3.
Results of the multimodal test functions.
| ID | Metric | CLGBO | CGBO | LGBO | GBO | GWO | CS | ABC | WOA | ISA |
| F7 | Best | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.11E + 00 | 7.74E + 00 | 8.69E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 9.06E + 00 |
| AVG | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 5.91E + 00 | 9.86E + 00 | 1.05E + 01 | 3.00E + 00 | 1.09E + 01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.20E + 00 | 8.36E-01 | 9.07E-01 | 4.43E + 00 | 8.96E-01 | |
| F8 | Best | 5.70E-10 | 4.68E-09 | 1.25E-09 | 4.60E-09 | 6.36E-01 | 6.28E-01 | 4.49E-01 | 6.99E-02 | 4.72E + 00 |
| AVG | 1.05E-07 | 1.39E-07 | 7.07E-08 | 2.96E-07 | 1.01E + 00 | 2.41E + 00 | 3.84E + 00 | 5.12E-01 | 3.42E + 01 | |
| SD | 3.68E-07 | 3.07E-07 | 9.31E-08 | 8.45E-07 | 1.59E-01 | 2.27E + 00 | 3.98E + 00 | 3.58E-01 | 2.25E + 01 | |
| F9 | Best | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.83E-04 |
| AVG | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 3.82E-04 | 4.12E-04 | 9.84E + 01 | 3.82E-04 | 1.87E-03 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 8.72E-13 | 4.54E-05 | 1.66E + 02 | 5.55E-13 | 5.08E-03 | |
| F10 | Best | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 3.64E-14 | 4.69E-04 | 2.22E + 00 | 8.88E-16 | 1.33E-03 |
| AVG | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 8.88E-16 | 4.46E-14 | 3.73E-03 | 4.90E + 00 | 3.73E-15 | 9.27E-01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 | 4.19E-15 | 3.44E-03 | 1.51E + 00 | 2.70E-15 | 8.13E-01 | |
| F11 | Best | 1.42E-14 | 7.11E-15 | 2.84E-14 | 1.35E-13 | 2.27E + 01 | 8.53E-14 | 3.79E + 00 | 7.11E-15 | 3.46E + 01 |
| AVG | 6.92E-14 | 6.70E-14 | 8.08E-14 | 1.97E-13 | 2.91E + 01 | 6.23E-02 | 9.29E + 00 | 1.92E-14 | 3.89E + 01 | |
| SD | 2.50E-14 | 2.51E-14 | 2.95E-14 | 3.62E-14 | 3.34E + 00 | 9.52E-02 | 3.89E + 00 | 6.62E-14 | 1.71E + 00 | |
| F12 | Best | 2.82E-01 | 1.66E-01 | 2.97E-01 | 3.46E-01 | 4.41E-01 | 4.42E-01 | 2.64E-01 | 2.60E-01 | 3.31E-01 |
| AVG | 4.93E-01 | 4.88E-01 | 4.95E-01 | 5.31E-01 | 6.39E-01 | 5.93E-01 | 5.19E-01 | 5.24E-01 | 4.63E-01 | |
| SD | 1.22E-01 | 1.23E-01 | 1.14E-01 | 1.72E-01 | 9.60E-02 | 8.40E-02 | 1.84E-01 | 1.88E-01 | 9.80E-02 | |
| F13 | Best | 4.91E-01 | 4.97E-01 | 5.00E-01 | 4.06E-01 | 3.43E-01 | 3.18E-01 | 2.25E-01 | 1.21E-01 | 2.54E-01 |
| AVG | 4.96E-01 | 5.00E-01 | 4.90E-01 | 4.24E-01 | 4.65E-01 | 4.54E-01 | 5.78E-01 | 3.84E-01 | 6.42E-01 | |
| SD | 1.93E + 00 | 6.29E-04 | 1.89E + 00 | 1.17E-02 | 7.42E-02 | 1.47E-01 | 2.71E-01 | 9.68E-02 | 2.96E-01 | |
| F14 | Best | 2.03E-243 | 1.18E-158 | 9.98E-172 | 2.95E-73 | 1.64E-19 | 2.60E-05 | 4.20E-18 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.27E-04 |
| AVG | 3.92E-236 | 1.21E-153 | 1.40E-164 | 6.45E-69 | 4.27E-04 | 2.64E-02 | 1.74E-03 | 0.00E + 00 | 6.15E-01 | |
| SD | 0.00E + 00 | 4.83E-153 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.99E-68 | 5.72E-04 | 2.69E-02 | 9.45E-03 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.22E + 00 |