Fig. 1. YAP levels are reduced in insulin-resistant human and mouse skeletal muscles.

A Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained from obese individuals who were identified as insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant in skeletal muscle, (B) total YAP levels in obese, insulin-sensitive and resistant humans (n = 54 total; 18 insulin sensitive and 36 insulin resistant, mean ± SEM, * shows significant difference, p value = 0.04, two-sided t test), (C) YAP levels correlated to glucose infusion rate relative to fat free mass (GIR/FFM; n = 54, r_s = 0.4, p = 0.02, and Spearman’s rank correlation test), (D) YAP levels correlated to difference in respiratory quotient between fasting to glucose-infused state (fed ΔRQ) (n = 54, r_s = 0.3, p = 0.016, and Spearman’s rank correlation test), (E) Yap levels were assessed in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles of lean (db/+) and obese (db/db) mice at 6 weeks of age, (F) representative western blots of Yap and Ponceau S levels in db/+ (−) and db/db (+) TA and soleus muscles at 6 weeks of age (n = 5 and 4 respectively), (G) quantification of total Yap levels in TA samples shown in (A) (n = 5, mean ± SEM, * shows significant difference, p value = 0.01, two-sided t test), and (H) quantification of total Yap levels in soleus samples shown in (A) (n = 4, mean ± SEM, * shows significant difference, p value = 0.01, two-sided t test).