Table 4.
Univariate and adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for the development of metabolic syndrome among women who experienced infertility and used fertility medications, compared with those who experienced infertility but did not use fertility medications (N =589)
| Variable | Univariate |
Adjusted |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Fertility medication used > 1 month | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.005 | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.42 |
| Yes | 0.47 (0.28-0.80) | 0.80 (0.46-1.38) | ||
| Age | 1.04 (0.97-1.10) | 0.27 | – | – |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian/white non-Hispanic | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.01 | – | – |
| Chinese/Chinese American | 0.88 (0.42-1.85) | |||
| Japanese/Japanese American | 0.61 (0.29-1.27) | |||
| Black/African American | 1.76 (1.19-2.59) | |||
| Hispanic | 1.28 (0.63-2.59) | |||
| Education | ||||
| High school diploma | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.06 | – | – |
| Less than high school | 1.75 (0.80-3.85) | |||
| Some college/technical school | 1.21 (0.72-2.03) | |||
| College degree | 0.87 (0.48-1.56) | |||
| Postgraduate education | 0.66 (0.36-1.21) | |||
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.47 | – | – |
| Government | 1.85 (0.82-4.21) | |||
| Other | 1.46 (0.46-4.59) | |||
| No insurance | 1.02 (0.45-2.31) | |||
| Family history of CVD events | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.009 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.70 (1.14-2.53) | |||
| Birth control or female hormones used continuously from 25-35 years | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.71 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.13 (0.59-2.16) | |||
| Any postmenopausal hormone use | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.03 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.51 (1.05-2.19) | |||
| Married or in a committed relationship∗ | 0.70 (0.46-1.07) | 0.10 | – | – |
| Income∗ | 0.72 (0.59-0.86) | 0.0005 | 0.85 (0.68-1.07) | 0.16 |
| Body mass index∗ | 3.56 (2.73-4.63) | < 0.0001 | 3.80 (2.79-5.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Menopausal status∗ | 1.17 (0.84-1.63) | 0.34 | – | – |
| Smoking∗ | 1.34 (1.08-1.68) | 0.009 | 1.44 (1.11-1.87) | 0.007 |
| Alcohol∗ | 0.88 (0.60-1.28) | 0.51 | – | – |
CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio.
∗
Included as a time-varying covariate.