Table 5.
Cox proportional hazard model of cardiac mortality and cardiac events in patients with heart failure
| Risk factor | Univariable |
Multivariable |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | |
| Cardiac mortality (39 events/N = 688) | ||||||
| Age ≥ 75 years, yes = 1 | 1.033 | 1.007-1.059 | 0.013 | 1.545 | 0.795-3.002 | 0.200 |
| Female sex, yes = 1 | 0.667 | 0.342-1.297 | 0.233 | |||
| NYHA functional class III/IV | 2.366 | 1.241-4.512 | 0.009 | 1.956 | 1.011-3.785 | 0.046 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.995 | 0.982-1.008 | 0.429 | |||
| Ischemic etiology, yes = 1 | 1.499 | 0.759-2.962 | 0.244 | |||
| Reduced EF ≤ 40%, yes = 1 | 2.217 | 1.176-4.178 | 0.013 | 1.727 | 0.893-3.340 | 0.105 |
| Hypertension, yes = 1 | 0.979 | 0.514-1.867 | 0.949 | |||
| Diabetes, yes = 1 | 2.639 | 1.384-5.033 | 0.003 | 2.115 | 1.093-4.093 | 0.026 |
| Chronic kidney disease, yes = 1 | 2.959 | 1.403-6.241 | 0.004 | 2.140 | 0.987-4.640 | 0.054 |
| Anemia, yes = 1 | 1.309 | 0.697-2.457 | 0.403 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation, yes = 1 | 1.567 | 0.835-2.942 | 0.162 | |||
| TRACP5b | ||||||
| First tertile | Reference | |||||
| Second tertile | 1.651 | 0.650-4.193 | 0.292 | |||
| Third tertile | 2.977 | 1.258-7.044 | 0.013 | 2.493 | 1.041-5.974 | 0.040 |
| Cardiac events (113 events/n = 688) | ||||||
| Age ≥ 75, yes = 1 | 1.032 | 1.016-1.048 | < 0.001 | 1.835 | 1.237-2.724 | 0.003 |
| Female sex, yes = 1 | 0.980 | 0.664-1.447 | 0.920 | |||
| NYHA functional class Ⅲ/Ⅳ | 1.657 | 1.128-2.435 | 0.010 | 1.302 | 0.891-1.902 | 0.173 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.995 | 0.988-1.003 | 0.246 | |||
| Ischemic etiology, yes = 1 | 0.936 | 0.589-1.489 | 0.781 | |||
| Reduced EF ≤ 40%, yes = 1 | 1.115 | 0.765-1.626 | 0.570 | |||
| Hypertension, yes = 1 | 1.401 | 0.924-2.125 | 0.112 | |||
| Diabetes, yes = 1 | 1.609 | 1.095-2.365 | 0.015 | 1.663 | 1.144-2.418 | 0.008 |
| Chronic kidney disease, yes = 1 | 1.576 | 1.056-2.351 | 0.026 | 1.184 | 0.785-1.788 | 0.420 |
| Anemia, yes = 1 | 2.353 | 1.565-3.536 | < 0.001 | 1.441 | 0.963-2.157 | 0.076 |
| Atrial fibrillation, yes = 1 | 1.703 | 1.159-2.503 | 0.007 | 1.529 | 1.051-2.226 | 0.027 |
| TRACP5b | ||||||
| First tertile | Reference | |||||
| Second tertile | 1.243 | 0.736-2.097 | 0.416 | 1.128 | 0.681-1.870 | 0.639 |
| Third tertile | 1.997 | 1.229-3.245 | 0.005 | 1.687 | 1.051-2.707 | 0.030 |
CI, confidence interval; EF, ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TRACP5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b.