TABLE 2.

Clinical trials of antioxidants in the therapy of metabolic syndrome or associated cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases.

Target	Antioxidant	NCT number	Subject recruitment status	Therapeutics	Main findings in clinical trials	Reference(s)
NADPH oxidases	Ebselen	NCT 00762671	Completed	Inhibitor	Anti-inflammatory	Beckman et al., (2016), Garland et al., (2020)
					No inhibition of ROS
	GKT137831	NCT 02010242	Completed	Inhibitor	ND	NA
	Apocynin	NCT 03680638	Completed	Scavenger	ND	NA
		NCT 03680404	Completed		ND	NA
		NCT 03680573
		NCT 04087655	Not yet recruiting		ND	NA
Both NADPH oxidases and Mitochondria	Tempol	NCT 03680638; NCT 03680404	Completed	Scavenger	ND	NA
Mitochondria	CoQ10	NCT 02407548	Completed	Inhibitor (cofactor of ETC)	CoQ10 increases TAC, reduces triglyceride, LDL-C, insulin resistance index, and blood pressure.	Zhang et al., (2018)
		IRCT2016011125949N1	Completed		CoQ10 decreases HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and increases HDL-C in diabetic patients.	Gholami et al., (2019)
		IRCT201502245623N35	Completed		CoQ10 has beneficial effects on serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and TAC in MetS patients.	Raygan et al., (2016)
		NCT 01412476	Completed		ND	NA
	Armolipid Plus (CoQ10)	NCT 01087632	Completed		Inhibition of Mito-ROS reduces blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, and improves endothelial function and insulin resistance.	Solà et al., (2014) and Cicero et al., (2021)
		NCT 01562080
	Armolipid Prev (CoQ10)	NCT 01293162	Completed		CoQ10 has anti-hypertensive, anti-dyslipidemic effects, reduces plasma homocysteine levels.	Izzo et al., (2010)
	MitoQ	NCT03586414	Suspended	Inhibitor	ND	NA
		NCT04334135	Recruiting		ND	NA
		NCT02364648	Recruiting		ND	NA