Table 1.
GSK3β activity during modulation of the inflammatory response induced by bacterial, parasitic, LPS, viral infection, and viral-PAMP stimuli.
| Stimulus or Animal model | Type of cell | GSK3β Inhibited: +pSer9 Activated: -pSer9 +pY216 | NF-κB | β-catenin | Pro or anti-inflammatory molecules expressed | Pro or anti-inflammatory molecules suppressed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas aerugiosa | Animal model of keratitis | SB216763 | – | – | – | IL-6, IL-1β | (22) |
| Mycobacterium bovis or LPS UO | HAEC A-549 (Human) | GSK3-β↑ | ↑ | ↓ | IL-6, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-8, TNFα | - | (24) |
| LPS (UO) | MMC BV2 (Murine) | LiCl, SB216763 | - | ↑ | - | iNOS and NO | (25) |
| LPS (UO) | Cardiomyocytes | +pY216 | - | - | IL-6, TNFα | - | (26) |
| LPS from E. coli O26:B6 | Mice | GSK3-β↑ | - | - | TNFα, IL-1β | - | (27) |
| Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS | Human SCAP | +pSer9 | - | - | IL-1β, TNFα | - | (28) |
| LPS (UO) | MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (Human) | +pSer9 | ↑ | ↑ | NF-κB* | - | (29) |
| LPS from E. coli O111:B4 | Mice macrophages | -pSer9 | - | - | - | IL-6, IL-12, TNFα | (30) |
| Protein p30 from HTLV-I | THP-1 monocytes (Human) | +pSer9 | - | - | IL-10 | MCP-1, TNFα, IL-8 | (31) |
| MHV | 3xTg-AD mouse model | -pSer9 | - | - | MHCII+, CD4+, CD8+
TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 |
- | (32) |
| SeV | Mouse ESC and EFC | GSK-3β or GSK3α knockout | - | ↓ | - | IFNβ | (33) |
| HBV | Humans | +pSer9 | - | ↑ | ALT, AST | - | (34) |
| Leishmania donovani | RAW264.7 mice BMDM | +pSer9 | ↓ | ↑ | IL-10 | IL-1β | (35) |
(UO) Unspecified origin; (GSK3-β↑) Protein expression increased; (Inhibited function: ↑ Activated function: ↓); (*) Only NF-κB activation reported; (underline) Inflammation promoting cells increased; (Gray files) GSK3β inhibition promoted inflammation.