Table 2.
Treatments that inhibit the inflammatory response by GSK3β activation during LPS-stimulation.
| Treatment used before or after infection | Type of cell or animal model | Microorganism or PAMP | Type of GSK3β activation | NF-κB Inhibited ↓ | Nuclear factor activated ↑ | Pro or anti-inflammatory molecule increased | Pro or anti-inflammatory molecule suppressed | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salidroside | Rats | LPS (UO) | GSK3-β↑ | - | - | - | TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β | (100) |
| Sappanone A | Mouse BMM | LPS (*UO) | -pSer9 | - | - | - | Osteoclasts | (101) |
| Isoprotenerol, resisitin siRNA | Human periodontal ligament cells | LPS from P. gingivalis nicotine | -pSer9 | ↓ | β-catenin ↓ | - | PGE2, NO, COX-2, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 | (33) |
| Maresin-1 (MaR1) | Human periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) | LPS from P. gingivalis | GSK3-β↑ | - | - | - | IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β | (103) |
| Nrf2 knockdown | RAW264.7 | LPS (UO) | -pSer9 | - | - | - | IL-6, IL-10 | (104) |
(GSK3-β↑) Protein expression increased; (-Ser9) GSK3β activated; (–) Not determined or not affected; (Underline) Inflammation promoting cells increased.