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. 2021 May 4;8:659108. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.659108

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Copyright © 2021 Urban, Mayr, Schmidt, Grasmuk-Siegl, Burghuber and Funk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line chart of changes in E/A (A) and E/e' (B) during tachypnea and expiratory resistance breathing with diameters of 3 mm (ERB1), 2 mm (ERB2), and 1.5 mm (ERB3). TP, tachypnea; ERB, expiratory resistance breathing; SB, spontaneous breathing.