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. 2021 May 4;12:668002. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668002

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Copyright © 2021 Mao, Luo, Geng, Xu, Liao, Zhong, Ma, Tan, Xia, Duan, Song, Long, Liu, Yang, Wu and Jin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Melatonin decreases chronic LPS exposure-induced inflammatory cells and cytokines in the BALF of mouse lungs. (A) A Luminex assay showed that melatonin decreased CXCL10, G-CSF, ICAM-1, and IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in the BALF of LPS-exposed mice. However, luzindole (MT1/MT2 inhibitor) increased these inflammatory factors in BALF. N = 4–5 in each group. (B) We determined a higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells as well as alveolar and interstitial macrophages in the BALF of LPS-exposed mice. Melatonin reduced these cells in BALF, but intraperitoneal luzindole (MT1/MT2 inhibitor) injection abolished the effects of melatonin. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns, no significance. N = 4 in each group.