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. 2021 May 4;12:606682. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.606682

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

(A) Ischemic stroke induces Ca2+ overload in the cytoplasm via various mechanisms. Borneol may interfere with calcium overload by interfering with acid ion channels, impeding the damage of ROS to biofilm, reducing glutamate levels, and increasing the activity of Ca2+-ATP ase, etc. (B) The forest plots: the borneol group vs. the control group on LDH activity. Subgroup analysis was used according to different LDH determination methods, and each subgroup showed that borneol had an improvement effect on LDH activity. (C) The forest plots: the borneol group vs. the control group on Ca2+-ATP ase activity. A study (He, 2005) were excluded after excluding documents one by one, and the heterogeneity before exclusion (nT/nC = 78/78, MD 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.30, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity χ 2 = 29.09, df = 8, I 2 = 72%), after elimination (nT/nC = 48/48, MD 0.99, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.32, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity χ 2 = 5.90, df = 5, I 2 = 15%). Both meta-analysis results showed that borneol could increase the activity of Ca2+-ATP ase. (D) The forest plots: the borneol group vs. the control group on Na+-K+ ATP ase activity. Meta-analysis of four studies with 9 comparisons showed that animals in the borneol group had statistically significant higher Na+-K+ ATP ase activity than the control group (nT/nC = 73/73, MD 0.57, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.64, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity χ 2 = 9.92, df = 8, I 2 = 19%). (E) The forest plots: the borneol group vs. the control group on Ca2+ content. Three studies with seven comparisons indicated that borneol could down regulate the content of Ca2+ in brain tissue after cerebral ischemia (nT/nC = 56/56, SMD −1.55, 95% CI: 2.00 to −1.10, p < 0.00001, heterogeneity χ 2 = 9.85, df = 6, I 2 = 39%).