TABLE 9.

List of selected synthetic drugs with documented impact on NET formation.

	Synthetic drug/s	Cellular target and mechanism of action	Effect on NET formation	References
1	Amoxicillin	n.d	Increased NET formation	Bystrzycka et al. (2016)
2	Amphotericin B	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Decker et al. (2018)
3	Azithromycin	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Bystrzycka et al. (2017)
4	Cefotaxime	n.d	No effect on NET formation	Manda-Handzlik et al. (2017)
5	Clarithromycin	n.d	Increased NET formation	Konstantinidis et al. (2016); Arampatzioglou et al. (2018)
6	Chloramphenicol	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Bystrzycka et al. (2017)
7	Clozapine	n.d	No effect on NET formation	Irizarry-Caro et al. (2018)
8	Enrofloxacin	Increased expression of PAD (peptidylarginine deiminase) 4 protein, increased presence of citrullinated H3	Increased NET formation	Jerjomiceva et al. (2014)
9	Erythromycin	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Zhang et al. (2019)
10	17-β-estradiol	n.d	Increased NET formation	Yasuda et al. (2019)
11	Gentamicin	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Manda-Handzlik et al. (2017)
12	Hydralazine	n.d	Increased NET formation	Irizarry-Caro et al. (2018)
13	Mannitol hypertonic saline	Suppresses NOX2-dependent NETosis is via neutrophil dehydration	Decreased NET formation	Nadesalingam et al. (2018)
14	Melatonin	n.d	Increased NET formation	Xu et al. (2019)
15	Memantine	Stimulates the production of MPO	Increased NET formation	Peng et al. (2020)
16	Metformin	Reduction of elastase, proteinase-3 and histones concentration	Decreased NET formation	Menegazzo et al. (2018)
17	Minocycline	n.d	No effect on NET formation	Irizarry-Caro et al. (2018)
18	Procainamide	n.d	Increased NET formation	Irizarry-Caro et al. (2018)
19	Voriconazole	n.d	Decreased NET formation	Decker et al. (2018)

n.d.- not defined.