Fig. 3.

Schematized behavioral task. A) Trials were broken into segments. The first 200 ms, represented by the dashed box, was used to detect the rat’s contact with the spout and to initiate a trial. Trials lasted for 650 ms, the final 200 ms of which, represented by the polka dotted box, were monitored to determine if the rat was still in contact with the spout. For warning trials the acoustic or electric stimulus was delivered for the duration of the trial, while no stimulus was delivered during the safe trial. B) Warning trial randomization was performed by dividing trials into groups of five and randomly selecting one as the warning. C) Adaptive task using decreasing step size was used to estimate threshold levels.