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. 2021 May 6;21(3):1–155.

Table 15:

Results for the Observational Study by Coolen et al47 Reporting Complications in Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Treated With a Pessary or Surgery

Comparison Results
Pessary (n = 74)
Surgery (n = 39)
Pessary group: n (%)
  • Pessary expulsion: 10 (14)

  • Vaginal discharge: 15 (20)

  • Vaginal pain: 10 (14)

  • Urinary incontinence: 7 (9)

  • Erosion: 3 (4)

  • Bleeding: 1 (1)


Surgery group: n (%)
Complications during surgery: 2 (5)
  • Bleeding: 2


Complications post-surgery: 13 (33)
  • Urinary tract infection: 4

  • Bladder retention: 8

  • Bleeding (reoperation): 1