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. 2021 May 6;21(4):1–232.

Table 11:

Interventions, Comparators, and Outcomes Evaluated in the Primary Economic Model

Intervention Comparator Population Outcome
High-frequency rTMS (within stepped care)a Pharmacotherapy alone; ECT alone Adults with TRD Cost, QALYs, ICER
iTBS (within stepped care)b Pharmacotherapy alone; ECT alone Adults with TRD Cost, QALYs, ICER

Abbreviations: ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; iTBS, intermittent theta burst stimulation; QALYs, quality-adjusted life-year; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; TRD, treatment-resistant depression.

a

In this pathway, those who failed to respond initially to high-frequency rTMS could switch to ECT, representing a stepwise clinical trajectory from less to more invasive treatment (shortened as high-frequency rTMS followed by ECT).

b

In this pathway, those who failed to respond initially to iTBS could switch to ECT, representing a stepwise clinical trajectory from less to more invasive treatment (shortened as iTBS followed by ECT).