Table A10:
Baseline Characteristics of Primary Studies Included for Question 1
| Study, Year N | Follow-Up | Mean Age (SD) | TRD Definition | AD Status | Type of Depression | Depression Scale | Baseline Depression Score | % MT | Frequency (Hz) | Sessions (N) | Total Pulses (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF Left DLPFC | |||||||||||
| Anderson et al, 200778 rTMS 11 Sham 14 | 4 wk (EOT) 12 wk | rTMS 48 (8) Sham 46 (12) | NR | Add-on 89% | Unipolar | MADRS | rTMS 26.7 (3.6) Sham 27.7 (7.1) | 110 | 10 | 12 | 12,000 |
| Avery et al, 199979 rTMS 4 Sham 2 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 44.25 (NR) Sham 45 (NR) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 50% Sham 50% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS | rTMS 21.3 (6.7) Sham 19.5 (8.1) | 80 | 10 | 10 | NR |
| Avery et al, 200680 rTMS 35 Sham 33 | 4 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 44.3 (10.3) Sham 44.2 (9.7) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 31% Sham 27% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.5 (3.9) Sham 23.5 (2.9) | 110 | 10 | 15 | 24,000 |
| Bakim et al, 201273 80% MT 12 110% MT 11 Sham 12 |
6 wk (EOT) | 80% MT 38.75 (9.96) 110% MT 43.09 (8.18) Sham 44.41 (10.22) |
≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | 80% MT 23.08 (3.63) 110% MT 24.09 (2.77) Sham 25.58 (3.82) |
80 110 |
20 | 30 | 24,000 |
| Berman et al, 200081 rTMS 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 45.2 (NR) Sham 39.4 (NR) | ≤ 1 | No AD 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-25 | rTMS 37.1 (NR) Sham 37.3 (NR) | 80 | 20 | 10 | NR |
| Blumberger et al, 201283 rTMS 22 Sham 20 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 48.9 (13.4) Sham 45.8 (13.4) |
≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 77.2% Sham 50% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 26.0 (3.3) Sham 25.2 (3.6) | 100 or 120a | 10 | 15 | 21,750 |
| Blumberger et al, 201682 rTMS 40 Sham 41 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 46.5 (14.1) Sham 48.1 (12.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 90% Sham 95.1% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 26.0 (3.4) Sham 25.5 (3.6) | 120 | 10 | 15 | 31,500 |
| Bortolomasi et al, 2007127b rTMS 12 Sham 7 | 4 wk (EOT) 12 wk | rTMS 45–56 Sham 44–53 | NR | Add-on rTMS 99% Sham 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-24 | rTMS 25.17 (NR) Sham NR | 90 | 20 | 20 | 16,000 |
| Boutros et al, 2002186b rTMS 12 Sham 9 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 49.5 (8) Sham 52 (7) | ≤ 2 | No AD 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-25 | rTMS 34.4 (10.1) Sham 31.7 (4.9) | 80 | 20 | 10 | 8,000 |
| Bretlau et al, 200884 rTMS 22 Sham 23 | 3 wk (EOT) 12 wk | rTMS 53.1 (10.1) Sham 57.8 (10.0) | ≤ 1 | Add-on 100%c | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 25.3 (3.0) Sham 24.7 (3.2) | 90 | 8 | 15 | 19,200 |
| Chen et al, 201385 rTMS 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 44.1 (4.4) Sham 47.3 (3.5) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.5 (1.9) Sham 24.9 (1.9) | 90 | 20 | 10 | NR |
| Fitzgerald et al, 200386 rTMS 20 Sham 20 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 42.4 (9.8) Sham 49.15 (14.24) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 76.7% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS | rTMS 36.05 (7.55) Sham 35.75 (8.14) | 100 | 10 | 10 | 10,000 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 201287 rTMS 24 Sham 17 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 43.4 (12.7) Sham 44.9 (15.7) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 60% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.7 (3.8) Sham 22.9 (2.1) | 120 | 10 | NR | NR |
| Garcia-Toro et al, 200188 rTMS 17 Sham 18 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 51.5 (15.9) Sham 50 (11) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 27.11 (6.65) Sham 25.6 (4.92) | 90 | 20 | 10 | NR |
| George et al, 201089 rTMS 92 Sham 98 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 47.7 (10.6) Sham 46.5 (12.3) | 1–4 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-24 | rTMS 26.3 (5.0) Sham 26.5 (4.8) | 120 | 20 | NR | NR |
| Hernandez-Ribas et al, 201390 rTMS 10 Sham 11 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 42.6 (5.56) Sham 50.1 (8.11) | ≤ 1 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 19.7 (3.8) Sham 16.55 (2.4) | 100 | 15 | 15 | 22,500 |
| Herwig et al, 200791 rTMS 52 Sham 53 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 50 (15) Sham 49 (13) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 92.3% Sham 88.7% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 24.7 (5.4) Sham 22.8 (4.8) | 110 | 10 | 15 | 30,000 |
| Holtzheimer et al, 200492 rTMS 7 Sham 8 | 2 wk (EOT) 3 wk |
rTMS 40.4 (8.5) Sham 45.4 (4.9) | ≤ 2 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 22.7 (5.3) Sham 20.8 (6.3) | 110 | 10 | 10 | 16,000 |
| Hoppner et al, 2003112 rTMS 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 60.36 (NR) Sham 56.44 (NR) | ≤ 1 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | NR | 90 | 20 | 10 | NR |
| Kang et al, 201647 rTMS 13 Sham 11 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 32.8 (19.1) Sham 52.2 (20.1) | ≤ 1 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 24.1 (6.4) Sham 20.0 (4.6) | 110 | 10 | 10 | 10,000 |
| Loo et al, 200793 rTMS 18 Sham 18 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 49.8 (2.5) Sham 45.7 (15.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 58.3% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS HDRS-17 | MADRS rTMS 29.5 (3.9) Sham 32.6 (4.3) HDRS-17 rTMS 19.2 (3.7) Sham 20.9 (4.2) | 110 | 10 | 20d | 30,000 |
| Mogg et al, 2008113 rTMS 28 Sham 29 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 55 (18) Sham 52 (15.5) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 93.1% Sham 86.7% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 20.5 (4.4) Sham 21.6 (4.7) | 110 | 10 | 10 | 10,000 |
| Moismann et al, 200494 rTMS 15 Sham 9 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 60 (13.4) Sham 64.4 (13.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 95.8% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 28.5 (4.6) Sham 24.5 (7.3) | 100 | 20 | 10 | NR |
| O'Reardon et al, 200795 rTMS 155 Sham 146 | 4 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 47.9 (11.0) Sham 48.7 (10.6) | ≤ 1 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | MADRS HDRS-17 HDRS-24 | MADRS rTMS 32.8 (6.0) Sham 33.9 (5.7) HDRS-17 rTMS 22.6 (3.3) Sham 22.9 (3.5) HDRS-24 rTMS 30.1 (5.0) Sham 30.5 (4.9) | 120 | 10 | 30 | 90,000 |
| Padberg et al, 2002111 100% MT 10 90% MT 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) | 100% MT 62.1 (4.6) 90% MT 60.3 (4.1) Sham 52.7 (5.7) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 MADRS | HRSD-21 100% MT 23.6 (1.9) 90% MT 21.9 (1.8) Sham 24.4 (2.1) MADRS 100% MT 28.7 (2.0) 90% MT 28.2 (2.5) Sham 30.4 (2.0) | 100 90 |
10 | 10 | 15,000 |
| Paillere Martinot et al, 201096 rTMS 18 Sham 14 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 48.19 (7.77) Sham 46.57 (10.27) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS HDRS-21 | MADRS rTMS 32 (7.78) Sham 34.57 (6.07) HDRS-21 rTMS 26 (6.4) Sham 25.93 (6.65) | 90 | 10 | 10 | 16,000 |
| Peng et al, 201297 rTMS 17 Sham 13 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 27.41 (6.14) Sham 26.38 (3.45) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100%c | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 24.7 (3.0) Sham 24.5 (3.3) | 110 | 20 | 15 | 60,000 |
| Rossini et al, 2005114 100% MT 18 80% MT 19 Sham 17 | 2 wk (EOT) | 100% MT 57.4 (8.7) 80% MT 54.0 (11.2) | |||||||||
| Sham 56.3 (12.6) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-21 | 100% MT 28.8 (3.1) 80% MT 28.6 (2.7) Sham 28.7 (2.1) | 100 80 |
15 | 10 | NR | ||
| Speer et al, 2014105 rTMS 8 Sham 8 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 41.3 (14.5) Sham 44.9 (9.1) | ≤ 2 | NR | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-28 | rTMS 35.8 (10.6) Sham 24.0 (4.6) | 110 | 20 | 15 | 24,000 |
| Stern et al, 200777 rTMS 10 Sham 15 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 53.2 (12) Sham 53.3 (9) | NR | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 27.8 (3.2) Sham 27.4 (2.9) | 110 | 10 | 10 | NR |
| Su et al, 200574 HF 20 Hz 10 HF 5 Hz 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) | HF 20 Hz 43.6 (12.0) HF 5 Hz 43.2 (10.6) Sham 42.6 (11.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-21 | HF 20-Hz 23.2 (7.5) HF 5-Hz 26.5 (5.2) Sham 22.7 (4.7) | 100 | 20 5 |
10 | 16,000 |
| Taylor et al, 2018115 rTMS 16 Sham 16 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 46.9 (10.7) Sham 44.13 (11.1) | ≤ 1 | Add-on 93.8% | Unipolar | MADRS HDRS-17 |
MADRS rTMS 25.4 (5.7) Sham 21.9 (3.1) HRSD-17 rTMS: 16.0 (3.9) Sham 13.1 (2.3) |
120 | 10 | 20 | 60,000 |
| Theleritis et al, 201775 rTMS 25 Sham 18 | 3 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 39.1 (10.1) Sham 38 (9.9) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 56% Sham 50% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 30.6 (3.2) Sham 29.4 (3.2) | 100 | 20 | 15 | 24,000 |
| Triggs et al, 201076 rTMS 18 Sham 7 | 2 wk (EOT) 12 wk | rTMS 41.9 (14.1) Sham 41.9 (14.1) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 97.9% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-24 | rTMS 28.2 (6) Sham 27.7 (3.5) | 100 | 5 | 10 | 20,000 |
| Yesavage et al, 201850e rTMS 81 Sham 83 | 6 wk (EOT) 24 wk | rTMS 55.6 (12.2) Sham 54.8 (12.6) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-24 | rTMS 26.2 (4.9) Sham 27.5 (5.1) | 120 | 10 | 30 | 120,000 |
| Zhang et al, 201198 rTMS 14 Sham 14 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 50.8 (13.3) Sham 43.8 (13.9) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 20.07 (2.92) Sham 20.21 (4.21) | 110 | 10 | 20 | 30,000 |
| Zheng et al, 201571 rTMS 18 Sham 14 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 26.9 (6.4) Sham 26.9 (4.3) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.1 (3.6) Sham 23.6 (3.6) | 100 110 |
15 | 20 | 60,000 |
| LF Right DLPFC | |||||||||||
| Bares et al, 200999 rTMS 27 Sham 31 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 45.4 (11.7) Sham 44.2 (11.6) |
≤ 1 | Add-on 100%f | Unipolar | MADRS | rTMS 27.5 (4.1) Sham 26.7 (4.0) | 100 | 1 | 20 | 12,000 |
| Brunelin et al, 2014116g rTMS w/V50 rTMS w/o V54 Sham w/V 51 | 2–6 wk (EOT) Endpoint (unspecified) | rTMS w/V 54.2 (11.9) rTMS w/o V 53.3 (11.3) Sham w/V 56.2 (9.9) | ≤ 1 | Add-on | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS w/V 26.1 (3.9) rTMS w/o V 25.8 (3.6) Sham w/V 25.8 (3.4) | 120 | 1 | 10–30 | 3,600–10,800 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 200386 rTMS 20 Sham 20 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk |
rTMS 45.55 (11.49) Sham 49.15 (14.24) | ≥ 2 | Add-on 76.7% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS | rTMS 37.70 (8.36) Sham 35.75 (8.14) | 100 | 1 | 10 | 3,000 |
| Hoppner et al, 2003112 rTMS 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 52 (NR) Sham 56.44 (NR) | ≥ 1 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | NR | 110 | 1 | 10 | NR |
| Januel et al, 2006101 rTMS 11 Sham 16 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 38.64 (11.16) Sham 37.19 (11.67) | ≥ 2 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 21.73 (3.52) Sham 22.5 (2.73) | 90 | 1 | 16 | NR |
| Kauffmann et al, 2004102 rTMS 7 Sham 5 | 2 wk (EOT) | NR | ≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 21.86 (2.31) Sham 18.2 (2.2) | NR | 1 | 10 | NR |
| Krstic et al, 2014103 rTMS 11 Sham 8 | 2 wk (EOT) 3 wk | rTMS 50.7 (7.3) Sham 46.1 (8.5) |
≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS | rTMS 30.1 (3.53) Sham 28 (2.74) | 110 | 1 | 10 | 3,000 |
| Mantovani et al, 2013104 rTMS 12 Sham 13 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 40.2 (10) Sham 39.8 (13.3) |
NR | Add-on rTMS 83.3% Sham 76.9% | Unipolarh | HDRS-24 | rTMS 31.9 (6.5) Sham 31.1 (8.3) | 110 | 1 | 20 | 36,000 |
| Pallanti et al, 2010117 rTMS 20 Sham 20 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 51.2 (12.53) Sham 47.85 (9.12) |
≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS | rTMS 27.95 (5.89) Sham 29.05 (3.54) | 110 | 1 | 15 | 6,300 |
| Speer et al, 2014105 rTMS 8 Sham 8 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 39.6 (9) Sham 44.9 (9.1) | ≥ 2 | NR | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-28 | rTMS 28.6 (7.6) Sham 24 (4.6) | 110 | 1 | 15 | 24,000 |
| Stern et al, 200777 rTMS 10 Sham 15 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 52.8 (9.5) Sham 53.3 (9) | NR | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 27.9 (3.8) Sham 27.4 (2.9) | 110 | 1 | 10 | NR |
| Bilateral rTMS | |||||||||||
| Blumberger et al, 201283 rTMS 26 Sham 20 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 58.0 (12.5) Sham 45.8 (13.4) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 69.2% Sham 50% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 25.1 (3.8) Sham 25.2 (3.6) | 100 or 120a | 10/1 | 15 | 18,225 |
| Blumberger et al, 201682 rTMS 40 Sham 41 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 46.4 (12.5) Sham 48.1 (12.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 100% Sham 95.1% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 24.1 (3.2) Sham 25.5 (3.6) | 120 | 10/1 | 15 | 31,500 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2006106 rTMS 25 Sham 25 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 46.8 (10.7) Sham 43.7 (10.2) |
≤ 2 | Add-on rTMS 92% Sham 84% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS | rTMS 34.0 (5.9) Sham 34.1 (5.2) | 110 100 |
10/1 | 10 | NR |
| Fitzgerald et al, 201287 rTMS 19 Sham 17 | 3 wk (EOT) 6 wk | rTMS 40.5 (15.5) Sham 44.9 (15.7) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 60% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 24.3 (3.6) Sham 22.9 (2.1) | 120 | 10/1 | NR | NR |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2016119 rTMS 23 Sham 23 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 46.3 (12.6) Sham 49.7 (11.0) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Bipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.2 (4.0) Sham 23.0 (5.1) | 110 | 10/1 | 20 | 40,000 |
| Garcia-Toro et al, 2006108 rTMS 10 Sham 10 | 2 wk (EOT) 4 wk | rTMS 48.5 (13.3) Sham 47.2 (11.8) | ≤ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS | rTMS 27.3 (4.9) Sham 25.1 (7.3) | 110 | 20/1 | 10 | NR |
| Loo et al, 2003120 rTMS 9 Sham 10 | 3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 54.9 (18.0) Sham 48.4 (10.9) | ≤ 1 | Add-on rTMS 77.7% Sham 70% | Unipolar/bipolar | MADRS | rTMS 38.4 (6.3) Sham 33.1 (5.2) | 90 | 15/15 | 15 | NR |
| McDonald et al, 2006121 rTMS 25 Sham 12 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 49 (41–55) Sham 54 (47–64)i |
> 3 | No AD 100% | Unipolar/bipolar | HDRS-17 | NR | 110 | 10/1 | 10 | 16,000 |
| Pallanti et al, 2010117 rTMS 20 Sham 20 |
3 wk (EOT) | rTMS 47.6 (12.33) Sham 47.85 (9.12) | ≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS | rTMS 28.75 (6.01) Sham 29.05 (3.54) | 100/110 | 10/1 | 15 | 21,300 |
| Valkonen-Korhonen et al, 201849 rTMS 18 Sham 19 | 6 wk (EOT) | rTMS 37.1 (11.1) Sham 36.4 (15.3) | ≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | HDRS | rTMS 27.7 (6.9) Sham 25.9 (5.4) | 110 | 10/1 | 30 | 5,700 |
| cTBS | |||||||||||
| Chistyakov et al, 2015122 rTMS 15 Sham 14 | 2 wk (EOT) | rTMS 39.8 (12.4) Sham 33.9 (13.7) | NR | Add-on 88.4%j | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 26.7 (3.9) Sham 24.8 (3.2) | 100 | 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in uninterrupted bursts | 10 | 36,000 |
| Li et al, 2014109 rTMS 15 Sham 15 | 2 wk (EOT) 14 wk | rTMS 49.2 (NR) Sham 46.9 (NR) | ≥ 2 |
Add-on rTMS 66.6% Sham 86.6% |
Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 24.3 (5.5) Sham 23.8 (3.2) | 80 | 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in uninterrupted bursts | 10 | 18,000 |
| iTBS | |||||||||||
| Duprat et al, 2016124 rTMS 22 Sham 25 | 1 wk (EOT)k | NR | ≤ 1 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | NR | 110 | 3-pulse burst (Hz NR) | 20 | 32,400 |
| Li et al, 2014109 rTMS 15 Sham 15 | 2 wk (EOT) 14 wk | rTMS 42.4 (NR) Sham 46.9 (NR) | ≥ 2 | Add-on rTMS 73.3% Sham 86.6% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.1 (3.9) Sham 23.8 (3.2) | 80 | 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in a 2-s train every 10 s | 10 | 18,000 |
| Bilateral TBS (combination of cTBS and iTBS) | |||||||||||
| Plewnia et al, 2014125 rTMS 16 Sham 16 | 6 wk (EOT) | rTMS 46.9 (13.2) Sham 49.0 (13.6) | ≥ 2 | Add-on 100% | Unipolar | MADRS HDRS | MADRS rTMS 26.8 (7.1) Sham 26.6 (7.1) HDRS rTMS 23.6 (5.3) Sham 22.2 (5.9) | NR | cTBS: 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) uninterrupted iTBS: 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in a 2-s train every 10 s | 30 | NR |
| Li et al, 2014109 rTMS 15 Sham | 2 wk (EOT) 14 wk | rTMS 42.5 (NR) Sham 46.9 (NR) | ≥ 2 | Add-on rTMS 73.3% Sham 86.6% | Unipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 23.1 (3.9) Sham 23.8 (3.2) | 80 | cTBS: 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in uninterrupted bursts iTBS: 3-pulse 50-Hz bursts every 200 ms (5 Hz) in a 2-s train every 10 s |
10 | 18,000 |
| Deep TMS | |||||||||||
| Kaster et al, 201848 rTMS 25 Sham 27 | 4 wk (EOT) | rTMS 65 (5.5) Sham 65.4 (5.5) | ≥ 1 adequate or ≥ 2 inadequate doses | Add-on rTMS 72% Sham 63% | Unipolar | HDRS-24 | rTMS 25.8 (4) Sham 27.6 (4.1) | 120 | 18 | 20 | 120,240 |
| Levkovitz et al, 2015126 rTMS 101 Sham 111 | 4 wk (EOT) 12 wk | rTMS 45.1 (11.7) Sham 47.6 (11.6) | 1-4 | No AD 100% | Unipolar | HDRS-21 | rTMS 23.5 (4.3) Sham 23.4 (3.7) | 120 | 18 | 20 (acute phase) 22 (maintenance phase) | 39,600 |
| Tavares et al, 2017110 rTMS 25 Sham 25 | 4 wk (EOT) 8 wk | rTMS 43.5 (12) Sham 41.2 (8.9) | ≥ 2 | Add-on rTMS 88% Sham 87.5% | Bipolar | HDRS-17 | rTMS 25.8 (5.25) Sham 25.3 (3.76) | 120 | 18 | 20 | 39,600 |
Abbreviations: AD, antidepressant; cTBS, continuous theta burst stimulation; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EOT, end of trial; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HF, high frequency; iTBS, intermittent theta burst stimulation; LF, low frequency; MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MT, motor threshold; NR, not recorded; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SD, standard deviation; TBS theta burst stimulation; TRD, treatment-resistant depression; V, venlafaxine.
a
Dependent on age: 100 MT given to patients who were ≤ 60 years of age and 120 MT given to patients who were > 60 years of age.
b
Not included in analyses because authors did not provide standard deviations of final mean depression scores, and response and remission rates were not reported.
c
All patients took escitalopram.
dAdministered rTMS twice daily.
e
Many patients in the sample had post-traumatic stress disorder, which could be a moderator variable.
f
Sham group received venlafaxine.
g
One rTMS group and the sham group received venlafaxine.
h
Patients also had comorbid anxiety.
i
Age is given as median (range).
j
73% of rTMS group and 50% of sham group changed their medication within week before intervention.
k
Gave rTMS sessions four times daily.