Table A2:
Risk of Biasa Among Randomized Controlled Trials (Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool)
| Author, Year | Random Sequence Generation | Allocation Concealment | Blinding of Participants and Personnel | Blinding of Outcome Assessment | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting | Other Bias | SR Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rTMS vs. Another rTMS Modality or Sham Treatment | ||||||||
| Aguirre et al, 201170 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Anderson et al, 200778 | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Avery et al, 199979 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Avery et al, 200680 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Baeken et al, 201352 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Bakim et al, 201273 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Bares et al, 200999 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Berman et al, 200081 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Blumberger et al, 201283 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Blumberger et al, 201682 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Bortolomasi et al, 2007127 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Boutros et al, 2002186 | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low | High | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Bretlau et al, 200884 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Brunelin et al, 2014116 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Chen et al, 201385 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Chistyakov et al, 2015122 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
| Conca et al, 2002187 | Low | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | NR | Zhang et al, 201543b |
| Concerto et al, 201569 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Dell'Osso et al, 2015188 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Unclear | High | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Duprat et al, 2016124 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Eche et al, 2012189 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Eschweiler et al, 200053 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 200386 | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2006a107 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2006b106 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2007190 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2008191 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2009136 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2011192 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 201287 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2013193 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Fitzgerald et al, 2016119 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Garcia-Toro et al, 200188 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Garcia-Toro et al, 2006108 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| George et al, 201089 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Hernandez-Ribas et al, 201390 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Herwig et al, 200791 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Holtzheimer et al, 200492 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Hoppner et al, 2003112 | Low | High | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Health Quality Ontario, 201618 |
| Isenberg et al, 2005194 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Januel et al, 2006101 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Jorge et al, 200457 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Jorge et al, 200856 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Karamustafalioglu et al, 201055 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Kauffmann et al, 2004102 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Kimbrell et al, 199954 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Klein et al, 199958 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Krstic et al, 2014103 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Levkovitz et al, 2015126 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Li et al, 2014109 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Lisanby et al, 200967 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Loo et al, 199968 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Loo et al, 2003120 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Loo et al, 200793 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Manes et al, 200160 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Mantovani et al, 2013104 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| McDonald et al, 2006121 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Miniussi et al, 200561 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Mogg et al, 2008113 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Health Quality Ontario, 201618 |
| Mosimann et al, 200494 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Moller et al, 200662 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Moser et al, 200263 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| O'Reardon et al, 200795 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Pallanti et al, 2010117 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Paillere Martinot et al, 201096 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Peng et al, 201297 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Plewnia et al, 2014125 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NA |
| Prasser et al, 201559 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Padberg et al, 199964 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Padberg et al, 2002111 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Pascual-Leone et al, 199665 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Richieri et al, 2012195 | High | Unclear | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Rossini et al, 2005114 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Rossini et al, 2010137 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Rybak et al, 2005196 | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | NR | Zhang et al, 201543b |
| Speer et al, 200966 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | High | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Speer et al, 2014105 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Stern et al, 200777 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Su et al, 200574 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Tavares et al, 2017110 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Taylor et al, 2018115 | Low | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Theleritis et al, 201775 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Triggs et al, 201076 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Zhang et al, 201198 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| Zheng et al, 201072 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Mutz et al, 201835 |
| Zheng et al, 201571 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | NR | Brunoni et al, 201746 |
| rTMS vs. ECT | ||||||||
| Dannon et al, 2002135 | Unclear | Unclear | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Health Quality Ontario, 201618 |
| Eranti et al, 2007128 | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Health Quality Ontario, 201618 |
| Grunhaus et al, 2000129 | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Health Quality Ontario, 201618 |
| Grunhaus et al, 2003130 | Low | Unclear | High | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Janicak et al, 2002133 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Keshtkar et al, 2011132 | Low | Unclear | High | High | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Pridmore, 2000a197 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Pridmore et al, 2000b131 | High | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Rosa et al, 2006134 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | University of Calgary, 201734 |
| Wang et al, 2004198 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
| RCTs From CADTH 2019 (rTMS Vs. Sham) | ||||||||
| Kang et al, 201647 | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
| Kaster et al, 201848 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
| Valkonen-Korhonen et al, 201849 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
| Yesavage et al, 201850 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | NA |
Abbreviations: CADTH, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; RCT, randomized controlled trial; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SR, systematic review.
a
Possible risk of bias levels: low, high, and unclear.
b
Used another tool to assess risk of bias. Translated results for Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.