Table 2.
Multivariable Cox Regression Model of Lung Cancer Incidence
| Variable | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1-y increase) | 1.04 (1.00-1.08) | .03 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.00 [reference group] | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.99 (0.59-1.65) | .96 |
| Hispanic or other | 0.43 (0.19-0.96) | .04 |
| Education (per 1-level increase) | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | .08 |
| BMI (per 1-kg/m2 increase) | 0.97 (0.95-0.99) | .02 |
| Smoking status (current vs former) | 1.04 (0.77-1.40) | .81 |
| Smoking intensity (per 1-cigarette/d increase) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | < .001 |
| Smoking duration (per 1-y increase) | 1.06 (1.03-1.09) | < .001 |
| Time since smoking cessation (per 1-y increase) | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) | .20 |
| Self-reported COPD (yes vs no) | 1.45 (1.00-2.10) | .048 |
| Personal history of cancer (yes vs no) | 0.98 (0.57-1.67) | .94 |
| Family history of lung cancer (yes vs no) | 1.39 (1.10-1.76) | .006 |
| %LAA (per 1% increase) | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | .004 |
%LAA = percent low attenuation area (defined as the percentage of lung volume with voxels less than –950 Hounsfield units on CT imaging of the chest).