Table 1.
Baseline participant demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Total Sample (n = 40) Mean ± SD | Sham (n = 20) Mean ± SD | Active (n = 20) Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 22.58 ± 4.5 | 21.65 ± 4.6 | 23.50 ± 4.2 |
| Gender | 28 M (70%) | 14 M (70%) | 14 M (70%) |
| Handedness | 35 Right | 15 Right | 20 Right |
| Psychotropic Medications | 26 (65%) | 10 (50%) | 16 (80%) |
| GAI (Inclusion IQ) | 109.7 ± 17.6a | 109.3 ± 17.3 | 110.2 ± 18.2 |
| FSIQ | 100.68 ± 16.3 | 100.45 ± 17.0 | 100.90 ± 15.9 |
| Comorbidity on MINI | 25 (62.5%) | 11 (55%) | 14 (70%) |
| Years of Completed Educationa | 13.8 ± 2.8 | 12.8 ± 2.3 | 15 ± 2.9 |
| VABS-II | |||
| Adaptive Composite | 74.5 ± 10.6 | 76 ± 10.1 | 73 ± 11.1 |
| Communication | 76.4 ± 15.9 | 76.05 ± 18.7 | 76.80 ± 13.1 |
| Social | 78.3 ± 12.9 | 79.70 ± 11.6 | 76.65 ± 14.3 |
| Daily Living | 79.4 ± 10.9 | 81.20 ± 10.6 | 77.60 ± 11.2 |
| BRIEF | |||
| Metacognition Index | 71.7 ± 9.0 | 70.8 ± 10.2 | 72.6 ± 7.9 |
| Global Executive Composite | 69.4 ± 9.1 | 68.90 ± 9.6 | 69.75 ± 9.0 |
| CANTAB | |||
| SWM (total errors) | 23.2 ± 19.8 | 23.6 ± 18.4 | 22.9 ± 21.6 |
| SWM (strategy) | 29.9 ± 6.99 | 30.55 ± 6.7 | 29.25 ± 7.4 |
GAI = General Abilities Index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition, FSIQ = full scale IQ, MINI = The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, VABS-II= Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II, BRIEF= Behavioral Rating Inventory for Executive Function, CANTAB=The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, SWM = spatial working memory
a
Years of completed education calculated as total number of education years completed starting from grade 1 (e.g., currently in second year undergraduate university degree = 13, grades 1−12 + 1 additional undergraduate year).