Figure S4.

GFP-ATL2 and 3 are enriched at the autophagosome formation sites. (A–C) Compared with control cells (A), more ATG13 punctate structures accumulate at distinct GFP-ATL2 puncta in VMP1 KO cells after 1 h of starvation. GFP-ATL2 puncta are defined as having a fluorescence intensity that is clearly stronger than the surrounding area. Quantitative data are shown in C as mean ± SEM (n = 19 cells in each group). Scale bars, 5 µm; inset scale bars, 0.5 µm. (D–F) Compared with control cells (D), more LC3 puncta accumulate at distinct GFP-ATL2 puncta in VMP1 KO cells (E) after 1 h of starvation. Quantitative data are shown in F as mean ± SEM (n = 20 cells in each group). Scale bars, 5 µm; inset scale bars, 0.5 µm. (G–I) Compared with control cells (G), more ATG13 puncta accumulate at distinct GFP-ATL3 puncta (H) after 1 h of starvation. Quantitative data are shown in I as mean ± SEM (n = 19 cells in each group). Scale bars, 5 µm; inset scale bars, 0.5 µm. (J–L) Compared with control cells (J), more LC3 puncta accumulate at distinct GFP-ATL3 puncta after 1 h of starvation in VMP1 KO cells (K). Quantitative data are shown in L as mean ± SEM (n = 20 cells in each group). Scale bars, 5 µm; inset scale bars, 0.5 µm. ***, P < 0.001. ctrl, control; Strv, starved.