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. 2021 May 14;220(6):e202007172. doi: 10.1083/jcb.202007172

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© 2021 Yang et al.

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Figure 8. — Model for endophilin A1-mediated initial spine head expansion upon LTP induction. NMDAR-mediated Ca²⁺ influx into dendritic spines activates calmodulin. Ca²⁺/calmodulin interacts directly with endophilin A1 and enhances its binding to both the PM and p140Cap, probably by releasing it from the autoinhibitory state caused by the intramolecular interaction between the N-BAR and SH3 domain. As a result, the PM-associated endophilin A1 recruits p140Cap, which in turn recruits cortactin to promote branched actin polymerization underneath the PM, generating propulsive force for rapid spine enlargement during the acute phase of sLTP.