Knee LEJR procedure volume shown over time for mandatory MSAs (A) and voluntary MSAs (B). Total knee replacements were identified from inpatient claims for LEJR by searching their procedure codes (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 8154 and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, codes starting with 0SRC and 0SRD) from 2015 through 2019, whereas outpatient total knee replacements were identified using the Current Procedural Terminology code 27447 (Access Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System) on outpatient claims starting in 2018.