. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 15.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Eng J. 2021 Mar 15;408:127317. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127317

Table 3.

Various techniques used for the removal of MPs.

Microplastic	Technique	Adsorbent/Catalyst/Membrane/Coagulant	Experimental conditions	Outcome	Ref.
Polystyrene	Adsorption	Chitin and graphene oxide based sponge	Time = 24 h	Maximum removal = 92.2%	[153]
Carboxylate-modified polystyrene	Adsorption	Chitin and graphene oxide based sponge	Time = 24 h	Maximum removal ~ 74.9%	[153]
Amine-modified polystyrene	Adsorption	Chitin and graphene oxide based sponge	Time = 24 h	Maximum removal ~ 90.2%	[153]
Polystyrene beads	Adsorption	Polyoxometalate ionic liquid adsorbed on the core–shell particles of Fe₂O₃/SiO₂	Microbeads concentration = 1 g/L	Maximum removal = 100%	[159]
Polyethylene	Advanced sulfate oxidation	Functionalized carbon nanosprings	Time = 8 h; pyrolysis temperature = 800 °C; hydrothermal temperature = 160 °C	Weight loss ~ 54%	[162]
HDPE	Photocatalytic degradation	Protein derived N-TiO₂	Time = 20 min; visible light; aqueous phase;	Weight loss ~ 6.4%	[185]
HDPE	Photocatalytic degradation	C, N-TiO₂	Time = 50 h; visible light; pH 3; Temperature ~ 0 °C	Weight loss ~ 71.77%	[186]
Microspheres (Rayon, Polyethylene, Polyester)	Coagulation	Alum	Microsphere concentration = 5 mg/L; Alum dose = 4.8 mg/L Al	Reduction in NTU = 97%	[196]
Polyethylene	Coagulation + Ultrafiltration	Coagulant: AlCl₃.6H₂O (15 mM)	MPs particle size < 0.5 mm	Removal = 36.89%	[40]
Polyethylene	Ultrafiltration	Poly(sulfone) membrane	Time = 48 h	Removal ~ 25%	[198]
Polyethylene microbeads	Electrocoagulation	Parallel, bipolar electrode setup	pH 7.5	Maximum removal = 99.24%	[217]