Table 2.
Common phenotypes associated with the anti-cancer effects of mitochondrial uncouplers.
| Common phenotypes associated with uncoupler-induced cytotoxicity | Mitochondrial uncouplers shown to induce these phenotypes |
|---|---|
| ↓ Δψm | DNP, FCCP, CCCP, SR4, FR58P1a, F16, nemorosone, guttiferone A, TPP + C10, GA-TPP + C10, SA-TPP + C10, CTU, VE-3N |
| Mitochondrial swelling | CCCP, SR4, F16, TPP + C10 |
| ↓ Mitochondrial cardiolipin | FR58P1a, CTU |
| Ca2+ release from mitochondria | Nemorosone, VE-3N |
| ↓ ATP | CCCP, NTZ, SR4, FR58P1a, FH535, F16, nemorosone, guttiferone A, TPP + C10, GA-TPP + C10, SA-TPP + C10, CTU, VE-3N |
| Activation of AMPK | NTZ, oxyclozanide, SR4, FR58P1a, FH535, TPP + C10, GA-TPP + C10, SA-TPP + C10 |
| Inhibition of mTOR signalling | Niclosamide, NTZ, oxyclozanide |
| ↓ Wnt signalling | NTZ, FH535 |
| ↑ ROS | DNP, FCCP, CCCP, SR4, F16, guttiferone A |
| ↓ NADPH | FR58P1a, guttiferone A, TPP + C10 |
| Apoptosis | DNP, FCCP, CCCP, niclosamide, SR4, F16, TPP + C10, GA-TPP + C10, SA-TPP + C10, VE-3N, CTU |
| Changes in cell cycle proteins | DNP, FCCP, SR4 |
| Cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 and G2/M) | DNP, niclosamide, NTZ, oxyclozanide, SR4, CTU |
Note: BAM15 is not listed in this table because it has not been reported to show cytotoxicity as a single agent in cancer cell lines.