Abdollahpour 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	Inclusion criteria: ASA I or II, age 18‐40, no contraindications to spinal, no allergy to local anaesthesia or study medications, absence of neuropathy, consent for spinal. 75 women randomised, no exclusions but we only used data from 2 groups as we exclude opioid drugs. So 50 women are in our analysis Exclusion criteria: GIT disease, delivery before 36 weeks, received anti‐emetics in the 24 hours prior to surgery, pregnancy‐induced hypertension or problems during LUSCS, administration of narcotic agents during LUSCS.
Interventions	Intervention: sedative (Comparison 6) Midazolam (IT) 0.02 mg/kg diluted to 1 mL with normal saline. N = 25. Intervention: opioid (excluded from our synthesis) Sufentanil (1.5 mcg in 0.3 mL + 0.7 mL normal saline (IT). N = 25 Comparator: placebo Normal saline (1 mL IT). N = 25.
Outcomes	Pre‐specified outcomes: Analgesia quality: ‐ Onset (sensory, motor) ‐ Recovery (sensory, motor) ‐ Time to request additional analgesia Complications: ‐ Nausea ‐ Vomiting ‐ Shivering ‐ Hypotension
Notes	Setting: Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Dates: 2012 to 2013, Funding source: the study supported by Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Declaration of interest: not reported. Spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine We include only the data comparing midazolam vs placebo as sufentanil is an opioid
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote:"random block method"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	None described
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	We were unable to assess the trial protocol
Other bias	Unclear risk	Baseline characteristics (except age) not described