Duggal 1998.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | RCT | |
Participants | 244 women ASA 1‐2 undergoing elective CS under spinal anaesthesia with no hyperemesis or antiemetic use in the previous 48 hours. | |
Interventions | Intervention: acupuncture/acupressure (Comparison 8)
Comparator: placebo
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Outcomes | Nausea or vomiting intraoperative and up to 10 hours postoperatively. | |
Notes | Setting: BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Dates: not reported. Funding source: Grant from BC Medcal Services Foundation and wristbands donated from Sea Band UK Limited. Declaration of interest: not reported. |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Random number table. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method not reported. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote:"group P a pair of similar‐looking placebo wristbands from which the plastic studs were missing" |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | The nature of the bands was therefore unknown to the patient, anaesthetist and investigators for the duration of the study |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Many exclusions ‐ not ITT. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | We did not assess the trial protocol. |
Other bias | Low risk | No baseline imbalance. |