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. 2021 May 18;2021(5):CD007579. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007579.pub3

Duggal 1998.

Study characteristics
Methods RCT
Participants 244 women ASA 1‐2 undergoing elective CS under spinal anaesthesia with no hyperemesis or antiemetic use in the previous 48 hours.
Interventions Intervention: acupuncture/acupressure (Comparison 8)
  • Acupressure bands.

  • N = 122.


Comparator: placebo
  • Sham acupressure bands.

  • N = 122.

Outcomes Nausea or vomiting intraoperative and up to 10 hours postoperatively.
Notes Setting: BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Dates: not reported.
Funding source: Grant from BC Medcal Services Foundation and wristbands donated from Sea Band UK Limited.
Declaration of interest: not reported.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Random number table.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Method not reported.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes Low risk Quote:"group P a pair of similar‐looking placebo wristbands from which the plastic studs were missing"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes Low risk The nature of the bands was therefore unknown to the patient, anaesthetist and investigators for the duration of the study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Many exclusions ‐ not ITT.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk We did not assess the trial protocol.
Other bias Low risk No baseline imbalance.