Pan 2003.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	40 women undergoing elective CS under epidural anaesthesia. Women were excluded if the had a recent history of GI disease, nausea and vomiting or a quote: "maternal history of chronic utero‐placental insufficiency".
Interventions	Intervention: 5‐HT3antagonist (Comparison 1) 4 mg ondansetron. N = 20. Comparison: placebo 2 mL normal saline placebo given prior to spinal anaesthesia. N = 20.
Outcomes	Nausea ‐ before/after birth, vomiting/retching before/after birth.
Notes	Setting: University Medical Center, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Dates: not reported. Funding source: not reported. Declaration of interest: not reported. Retching data included in vomiting.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "randomised."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "double blind"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss of data described.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	We did not assess the trial protocol.
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias apparent.