Table 2.
Effects of treatment and/or time on nutritional intake
| Week 0 | Week 4 | Week 8 | P value1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | BBP | Placebo | BBP | Placebo | BBP | Placebo | Treatment | Time | Treatment × Time |
| Calories (kcal) | 1979 ± 598 | 2080 ± 550 | 2152 ± 553 | 2165 ± 479 | 2204 ± 664 | 2203 ± 540 | 0.67 | 0.07 | 0.68 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 226 ± 71 | 242 ± 63 | 261 ± 60 | 269 ± 57 | 269 ± 75 | 279 ± 65 | 0.42 | 0.0001 | 0.89 |
| Total sugars (g) | 94 ± 30 | 103 ± 39 | 116 ± 28 | 122 ± 38 | 122 ± 39 | 128 ± 42 | 0.41 | < 0.0001 | 0.94 |
| Fibre (g) | 20 ± 9a | 24 ± 10a | 31 ± 6b | 21 ± 7b | 30 ± 6b | 24 ± 9 | 0.08 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
| Total fat (g) | 85 ± 31 | 87 ± 30 | 88 ± 30 | 84 ± 27 | 87 ± 33 | 86 ± 28 | 0.99 | 0.83 | 0.71 |
| Proteins (g) | 84 ± 25 | 93 ± 27 | 85 ± 26 | 92 ± 24 | 90 ± 33 | 89 ± 27 | 0.37 | 0.83 | 0.12 |
| Alcohol (g) | 3 ± 3 | 2 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 | 3 ± 3 | 2 ± 2 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.35 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 96 ± 38 | 118 ± 60 | 96 ± 25 | 98 ± 34 | 95 ± 28 | 112 ± 49 | 0.36 | 0.62 | 0.23 |
Abbreviations: BBP blueberry powder
Values are mean ± SD. 1 Unadjusted P value. Analyses were conducted using the MIXED procedure with SAS version 9.4. Vitamin C was log10 transformed. Significant P values are in bold. LSMEANS pairwise comparisons were performed when the main interaction factor effect was considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). Results that do not share the same letter (a, b) are significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other. BBP: n = 24 (week 0) and 23 (4 and 8 weeks); placebo: n = 22 (week 0) and 23 (4 and 8 weeks)