Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of clinical features affecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients
| Clinical parameters | Stage I | Stage II | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95%CI | P | HR | 95%CI | P | |
| Age | ||||||
| < 60 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 1.894 | 1.621–2.213 | <0.001 | 1.220 | 1.162–1.280 | <0.001 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||||
| 2004–2009 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2010–2015 | 0.943 | 0.823–1.080 | 0.394 | 0.887 | 0.850–0.926 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Male | 1.172 | 1.035–1.327 | 0.012 | 1.055 | 1.013–1.100 | 0.010 |
| Race | ||||||
| Black | Ref | Ref | ||||
| White | 0.971 | 0.790–1.192 | 0.776 | 0.907 | 0.846–0.973 | 0.006 |
| Other | 0.705 | 0.524–0.949 | 0.021 | 0.889 | 0.802–0.985 | 0.024 |
| Primary tumor Site | ||||||
| Head | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Body | 0.820 | 0.679–0.989 | 0.038 | 1.049 | 0.961–1.145 | 0.281 |
| tail | 0.698 | 0.587–0.830 | <0.001 | 0.953 | 0.888–1.023 | 0.181 |
| Pancreatic duct | 1.150 | 0.717–1.845 | 0.563 | 0.789 | 0.653–0.954 | 0.014 |
| Overlapping | 0.772 | 0.581–1.027 | 0.076 | 1.088 | 0.982–1.205 | 0.107 |
| Pathological grade | ||||||
| I | Ref | Ref | ||||
| II | 1.719 | 1.418–2.084 | <0.001 | 1.466 | 1.354–1.587 | <0.001 |
| III | 2.318 | 1.867–2.878 | <0.001 | 1.947 | 1.796–2.112 | <0.001 |
| IV | 1.861 | 1.121–3.089 | 0.016 | 1.807 | 1.495–2.183 | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.010 | 0.803–1.268 | 0.935 | 1.273 | 1.142–1.419 | <0.001 |
| T | ||||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2 | 1.412 | 1.234–1.615 | 0.000 | 1.274 | 1.078–1.506 | 0.004 |
| 3 | – | 1.450 | 1.245–1.690 | <0.001 | ||
| N | ||||||
| 0 | – | Ref | ||||
| 1 | – | 1.543 | 1.469–1.621 | <0.001 | ||
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Yes | 0.827 | 0.727–0.940 | 0.004 | 0.628 | 0.598–0.660 | <0.001 |
| Surgical procedures | ||||||
| Local excision of tumor | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Pancreatectomy | 0.677 | 0.320–1.433 | 0.308 | 0.647 | 0.474–0.884 | 0.006 |
| Extended | 0.642 | 0.296–1.393 | 0.263 | 0.702 | 0.512–0.963 | 0.028 |
| Unknown | 1.208 | 0.524–2.784 | 0.657 | 0.713 | 0.496–1.025 | 0.068 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||||
| neoadjuvant RT | 1.434 | 1.051–1.957 | 0.023 | 0.975 | 0.868–1.095 | 0.668 |
| adjuvant RT | 1.095 | 0.918–1.307 | 0.314 | 0.904 | 0.861–0.950 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: RT Radiotherapy. Note: Pathological grade I, Well differentiated; II, Moderately differentiated; III, Poorly differentiated; IV, Undifferentiated; anaplastic. Pancreatectomy: partial pancreatectomy, local or partial pancreatectomy and duodenectomy with/without distal/partial gastrectomy, total pancreatectomy; Extended: total pancreatectomy and subtotal gastrectomy or duodenectomy, extended pancreatoduodenectomy