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Effects of pioglitazone on the heart. Based on literature review, the effects of the treatment with pioglitazone on diverse cardiac functions are reported. The effects on electrophysiology and arrhythmias, ischemia, left ventricle functions, metabolism, cardiac remodeling, pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle, and on neurohormonal activation are reported. In each section, evidence is subdivided in in vitro, animal, and human studies. For more details, see main text
