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. 2021 May 17;19:144. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Effect of DEPs on BeWo trophoblast viability. Cell viability is assessed after treatment with 0.05–5 μg/mL DEPs for 6, 24, and 48 h using the MTS assay. 1 mM CDSO₄ is applied as a positive control for cytotoxicity. The dotted line indicates 100% viable cells. Data represent the mean percentages of viable cells compared to the untreated control (SD) of three independent biological experiments with three technical repeats each. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison correction is performed to find significance between the untreated control group and different treatment groups, *p < 0.05 is considered significant. ANOVA analysis of variance, DEP diesel exhaust particle, SD standard deviation