Table 1.

Calculated ATP dynamic values in E. coli BW25113 grown in minimal medium

	Lag phase		Exponential phase		Stationary phase
	Luc	Reporter	Luc	Reporter	Luc	Reporter
Averaged ATP (mM)	0.86 ± 0.16	0.72 ± 0.12	3.50 ± 0.45	3.32 ± 0.28	0.58 ± 0.08	0.68 ± 0.07
ATP consumption rate (million ATP/cell/s)	0.82 ± 0.07	0.77 ± 0.11	6.38 ± 0.06	6.38 ± 0.06	0.23 ± 0.06	0.23 ± 0.06
Power consumption (pW)a	0.073 ± 0.006	0.069 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.005	0.021 ± 0.005	0.021 ± 0.005
ATP turnover time (s)	0.64 ± 0.12	0.56 ± 0.09	0.33 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.03	1.5 ± 0.21	1.8 ± 0.18

^a: power consumption was estimated from 54 kJ/mole ATP [53, 54]. All values were estimated from three independent biological experiments evaluated by the kinetic model. Luc indicates the calculated ATP data based on the luciferase assay while Reporter indicates ATP data based on the measurements from our GFP reporter