Table 3. Recommendations for future research in OSA.

Domain	Recommendation
Include health economic outcomes	Measure direct and indirect costs of OSA in OSA trials
Measure cost-effectiveness	Measure both general and disease-specific HrQOL in OSA trials
Study specific populations	Perform health economic analyses among demographic groups, including women, older adults, and children; among different racial groups; and among patients with varying OSA severity
Investigate comorbid OSA	Evaluate economic impact of OSA and OSA treatments in key comorbid subpopulations such as patients with heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and depression
Increase adherence	Study economic aspects of interventions to increase treatment adherence, including cognitive– behavioral treatment for CPAP, telehealth and remote monitoring, and automated approaches
Adopt employer perspective	Evaluate cost–benefit of OSA treatments from the employer’s perspective, including impact on workplace productivity as well as accident and injury risk
Consider global impact	Evaluate cost-effectiveness of treating OSA in various healthcare delivery systems globally
Compare economic effectiveness	Compare economic effectiveness of OSA treatments to enable evidence-based decision-making regarding allocation of limited healthcare resources

CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; HrQOL, health-related quality of life; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea