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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 16.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Catal. 2021 Mar 25;11(8):4381–4394. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05277

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1.

Different Modes of LA Activation of Carbonyl Substrate: (a) Classic Understanding of LA Activation via 1:1 and 2:1 Lewis Acid Complex Formation, (b) LA Activation via Homobimetallic Association, (c) LA Activation in the Presence of Superstochiometric Carbonyl in Solution