Extended Data Fig. 2. Regulation of Fc glycoforms.

(a) Longitudinal analysis of the levels of anti-RBD IgG1 Fc afucosylation from COVID-19 patients at various time points. T1 represents the first draw with a second time point at week 2 (n=5), week 3 (n=5) or week 4 (n=11). Anti-RBD IgG1 from COVID-19 patients were characterized for Fc afucosylation (F0N0), bisection (N), sialylation (S) and galactosylation (GS0). None of the glycan levels were significantly different between T1 and subsequent time-points post infection. P values were calculated using two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. (b) There was no correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated, and two-tailed p and r values have been reported) between the viral load and the abundance of any of the glycans on anti-RBD IgG1 (n=25). (c, d) The levels of the various glycans were not significantly different amongst male and female hospitalized COVID-19 patients in two cohorts (Blue-Kaiser Permanente (n=81, M=55, F=26), Orange-Stanford hospital (n=30, F=14, M=16)) or in (e) mild COVID-19 patients (n=27, F=14, M=13). Violin plots in (c), (d) and (e) show the distribution of sample values along with median (solid lines) and quartile (broken lines) values. P values were calculated using a two-tailed unpaired t test with Welch’s correction.