Table 8. Studies pointing to males as more nomophobic (by year of publication, older to newest).

Study	Tool	Country	Sample	NMP Vulnerability
Pavithra et al. (2015)	Other	India	Age: 21.6 ± 3.1 Undergraduates and non-students	♂
Nagpal & Ramanpreet (2016)	NMP-Q	India	Undergraduates	♂
Matoza & Carballo (2016)	RWT	Paraguay	Age: 17-35 ± 21.9 Undergraduates	♂
Kar et al. (2017)	Other	India	Age: 21.08 Undergraduates	♂
Dongre et al. (2017)	ICD-10	India	Age: 21.23 ± 9.44 Residents in an urban area	♂
Yildiz (2019)	NMP-Q	Turkey	High school students	♂*
Jilisha et al. (2019)	NMP-Q	India	Undergraduates	♂
Daei et al. (2019)	NMP-Q	Iran	Undergraduates	♂
Partial results
Farooqui & Pore (2016)	NMP-Q	India	Undergraduates	♂**
Nawaz et al. (2017)	NMP-Q	Pakistan	Smartphone users	♂***
Ozdemir et al. (2018)	NMP-Q	Pakistan and Turkey	Students	♂****

Note:

* It is not statistically significant

** Females have more moderate levels but males have more severe levels

*** Females scored more in the dimension “Fear of Not Being Able to Access Information”;

**** True for Turkey but not Pakistan.