. 2021 May 18;19(6):4225–4252. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01227-6

Table 2.

Microplastic studies in sediment of inland water bodies around the world

Study compartment	Number	Study area	Sampling tool	Dominant microplastic characteristics (shape, polymer type, size)	Reference
River–estuary	1	Rivers and tidal flat of urban districts, Shanghai, China	Shovel (0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrat, depth of 5 cm)	Spheres, PP,	Peng et al. (2018)
	1	Littoral sediment	Shovel (0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrat, depth of 5 cm)	100 -500 µm	Peng et al. (2018)
	2	Changjiang Estuary, China	Box corer (depth of 5–10 cm)	Fibers, rayon, 0–100 µm, 100 -500 µm,	Peng et al. (2017)
	2	Benthic sediment	Box corer (depth of 5–10 cm)	500–1000 µm (SMP)	Peng et al. (2017)
	3	Beijiang River littoral zone, China	Stainless steel shovel (0.2 m × 0.2 m quadrate, depth of 2 cm)	PE	J.D. Wang et al. (2017)
	3	Littoral sediment		PE	J.D. Wang et al. (2017)
	4	St. Lawrence River, Canada	Petite Ponar grab (225 cm² area), and Peterson Grab (930 cm² area, depth of 10–15 cm)	Microbeads, PE	Castañeda et al. (2014)
	4	Benthic sediment		Microbeads, PE	Castañeda et al. (2014)
	5	Tamar Estuary, UK	–	Fibers, PES,	Browne et al. (2010)
	5	Littoral sediment	–	< 1 mm	Browne et al. (2010)
	6	Rivers Rhine and Main, Germany	Stainless steel spoon (30 cm² area)	Fragments, PS,	Klein et al. (2015)
	6	Littoral sediment	Stainless steel spoon (30 cm² area)	63–200 µm	Klein et al. (2015)
	7	Thames River Basin, UK	Stainless steel Scoop (depth of 10 cm)	Fragments, fiber, PET,	Horton et al. (2017a)
	7	Littoral sediment	Stainless steel Scoop (depth of 10 cm)	1–2 mm	Horton et al. (2017a)
	8	Gulf ofMexico estuaries (Mobile Bay, AL), USA	(0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrate, depth of 3–6 cm)	Hard plastics, PE,	Wessel et al. (2016)
	8	Littoral sediment	(0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrate, depth of 3–6 cm)	0.2–1 mm	Wessel et al. (2016)
	9	10 rivers, northwest UK	Cylinder resuspension technique	Microbeads	Hurley et al. (2018)
	9	Benthic sediment	Cylinder resuspension technique	Microbeads	Hurley et al. (2018)
	10	Two sandy beaches (Santubong and Trombol) in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia	Stainless steel scoop (0.2 m × 0.2 m quadrate, depth of 2 cm)	PP, PE	Noik and Tuah (2015)
	10	Littoral sediment		PP, PE	Noik and Tuah (2015)
	11	Atoyac River Basin, Central Mexico	Van Veen grab sampler, trowel	Films	Shruti et al. (2019)
	11	Benthic sediment	Van Veen grab sampler, trowel	Films	Shruti et al. (2019)
	12	Urban river in Scotland (River Kelvin), UK	A spade (depth of 8–10 cm)	Fibers	Blair et al. (2019
	12	Littoral sediment	A spade (depth of 8–10 cm)	Fibers	Blair et al. (2019
	13	Derwent Estuary, Tasmania, Australia	Sediment corer (depth of 104 cm)	Fibers, < 63- > 100 µm	Willis et al. (2017)
	13	Benthic sediment	Sediment corer (depth of 104 cm)	Fibers, < 63- > 100 µm	Willis et al. (2017)
	14	Rhine River, Germany	Steel spade, buckets of a chain dredging (depth of 52 cm and 111 cm)	APV, 62–125 µm	Mani et al. (2019b)
	14	Benthic sediment		APV, 62–125 µm	Mani et al. (2019b)
	15	Vitória bay estuarine system (SVB), Brazil	Van Veen grab sampler	Fibers	Neto et al. (2019
	15	Benthic sediment	Van Veen grab sampler	Fibers	Neto et al. (2019
	16	River Tame and four of its tributaries, Birmingham, UK	Stainless steel scoop (depth of 5–10 cm)	FragmentS, PE, 63– < 250 µm, 250– < 1000 µm	Tibbetts et al. (2018)
	16	Benthic sediment	Stainless steel scoop (depth of 5–10 cm)	FragmentS, PE, 63– < 250 µm, 250– < 1000 µm	Tibbetts et al. (2018)
	17	BrisbaneRiver, Australia	Ponar stainless steel grab sampler (depth of 0–3 cm)	Films,, PE, 3–4 mm	He et al. (2020
	17	Benthic sediment	Ponar stainless steel grab sampler (depth of 0–3 cm)	Films,, PE, 3–4 mm	He et al. (2020
	18	Liaohe estuary, Daliao River and Shuangtaizi River	Steel grab sampler	Films, PE	Xu et al. (2020)
	18	Benthic sediment	Steel grab sampler	Films, PE	Xu et al. (2020)
	19	Thames River, Ontario, Canada	Stainless steel petite ponar grab sampler (depth of 90–100 cm)	Pellets, PE, 1–5 cm	Corcoran et al. (2019)
	19	Benthic sediment		Pellets, PE, 1–5 cm	Corcoran et al. (2019)
	20	Warnow estuarine, Germany	Van Veen grab, Sediment trap	PS	Enders et al. (2019)
	20	Benthic sediment	Van Veen grab, Sediment trap	PS	Enders et al. (2019)
	21	River Yongfeng, China	Peterson Gravity Sampler	Films, PE, 200–500 μm, 500–1000 μm	Rao et al. (2020)
	21	Benthic sediment	Peterson Gravity Sampler	Films, PE, 200–500 μm, 500–1000 μm	Rao et al. (2020)
	22	Jagir Estuary, Surabaya City, Indonesia	Ekman dredge sampler	Lines/fibers, PES, small MP (1 µm-1 mm)	Firdaus et al. (2020)
	22	Benthic sediment	Ekman dredge sampler	Lines/fibers, PES, small MP (1 µm-1 mm)	Firdaus et al. (2020)
Stream	1	Seven water streamssurrounding the lagoon of Bizerte, Northern Tunisia	Stainless steel spatula (0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrate, depth of 2–3 cm)	Fibers, PP	Toumi et al. (2019)
Stream	1	Littoral sediment		Fibers, PP	Toumi et al. (2019)
Lake–reservoir	1	Subalpine lake Garda, Italy	–	PE	Imhof et al. (2013)
	1	Littoral sediment	–	PE	Imhof et al. (2013)
	2	Lake Ontario, Canada	Glew gravity corer, shipek grab, ponar grab, split spoon corer	Fragments, PE	Ballent et al. (2016)
	2	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment		Fragments, PE	Ballent et al. (2016)
	3	Lake Ontario, Canada	Mini box corer (depth of 30 cm)	Pellets, PE, 1–5 cm	Corcoran et al. (2015)
	3	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment	Mini box corer (depth of 30 cm)	Pellets, PE, 1–5 cm	Corcoran et al. (2015)
	4	Remote lakes in Tibet plateau, China	Shovel (20 cm × 20 cm quadrate, depth of 2 cm)	PP, 1–5 mm	Zhang et al. (2016)
	4	Littoral sediment	Shovel (20 cm × 20 cm quadrate, depth of 2 cm)	PP, 1–5 mm	Zhang et al. (2016)
	5	Beaches of Lake Huron, Canada	Stainless steel trowel	Pellets, PE, < 5 mm	Zbyszewski and Corcoran (2011)
	5	Littoral sediment	Stainless steel trowel	Pellets, PE, < 5 mm	Zbyszewski and Corcoran (2011)
	6	Great Lakes, North America Lake Erie and St. Clair), USA	Stainless steel trowel	Fragments, PE	Zbyszewski et al. (2014)
	6	Littoral sediment	Stainless steel trowel	Fragments, PE	Zbyszewski et al. (2014)
	7	Edgbaston Pool, Birmingham, UK	HTH gravity corer (depth of 10 cm)	Fibers, Films	Vaughan et al. (2017)
	7	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment	HTH gravity corer (depth of 10 cm)	Fibers, Films	Vaughan et al. (2017)
	8	Setúbal Lake, Portugal	Stainless steel shovel (0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrate, 3 cm depth)	Fragments	Blettler et al. (2017)
	8	Littoral sediment		Fragments	Blettler et al. (2017)
	9	Beaches of Lake Garda, Italy	Sediment cores (depth of 10 cm)	1–50 μm	Imhof et al. (2018)
	9	Littoral sediment	Sediment cores (depth of 10 cm)	1–50 μm	Imhof et al. (2018)
	10	Lake Erie, Canada	Shipek sediment grab sampler and passive sediment trap, split spoon sampler, Petite Ponar grab sampler	Fibers, PE	Dean et al. (2018)
	10	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment		Fibers, PE	Dean et al. (2018)
	11	Subalpine Lake Garda, Italy	Sediment cores (depth of 5 cm)	–	Imhof et al. (2016)
	11	Littoral sediment	Sediment cores (depth of 5 cm)	–	Imhof et al. (2016)
	12	Three Gorges Reservoir, China	Stainless steel Trowel (20 cm × 20 cm, depth of 2 cm)	Sheet,PP, 1—5 mm	Zhang et al. (2019
	12	Littoral sediment	Stainless steel Trowel (20 cm × 20 cm, depth of 2 cm)	Sheet,PP, 1—5 mm	Zhang et al. (2019
	13	Hampstead Pond (Lake), UK	Piston corer (depth of 212 cm)	Fibers	Turner et al. (2019)
	13	Benthic sediment	Piston corer (depth of 212 cm)	Fibers	Turner et al. (2019)
	14	Lake Mjøsa and Lake Femunden, Norway	Kajak-Brinkhurst sediment corer (depth of 3 cm), Van Veen grab (depth of 10–15 cm)	Fibers, PS, Small microplastics < 1 mm	Lusher et al. (2018)
	14	Benthic sediment		Fibers, PS, Small microplastics < 1 mm	Lusher et al. (2018)
	15	Lake Victoria, Uganda, Africa	Stainless steel trowel (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm quadrat, depth of 5 cm), Ponar grab	Films (shoreline), filaments (lake), PE, 0.3–1 mm (lake) 1–2 (shoreline)	Egessa et al. (2020)
	15	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment			Egessa et al. (2020)
	16	Donghu Lake, Wuhan, china	Piston gravity sampler (depth of 57 cm)	Fibers, PET, < 0.5 mm	Dong et al. (2020)
	16	Benthic sediment	Piston gravity sampler (depth of 57 cm)	Fibers, PET, < 0.5 mm	Dong et al. (2020)
	17	Lake Ziway, Ethiopia	Ekman grab sampler (depth of 0–2 cm)	Fragments, PE, 0.15–5 mm	Merga et al. (2020)
	17	Benthic sediment	Ekman grab sampler (depth of 0–2 cm)	Fragments, PE, 0.15–5 mm	Merga et al. (2020)
	18	Donting Lake, China	Stainless steel shovel (0.25 m² area, depth of 2 cm), grab sampler	Fibers, PET, PE, < 0.5 mm	Yin et al. (2020)
	18	Littoral sediment and Benthic sediment		Fibers, PET, PE, < 0.5 mm	Yin et al. (2020)
River–estuary–lake	1	Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India	Van Veen grab (25 cm² area)	Films, Foams, LDPE	Sruthy and Ramasamy (2017)
	1	Benthic sediment	Van Veen grab (25 cm² area)	Films, Foams, LDPE	Sruthy and Ramasamy (2017)
	2	Urban water areas inChangsha, China	Shovel (depth of 5 cm)	Fragments, PS, < 0.5 mm	Wen et al. (2018)
	2	Littoral sediment	Shovel (depth of 5 cm)	Fragments, PS, < 0.5 mm	Wen et al. (2018)
	3	Coastal plain river network (Wen-Rui Tang River watershed) in eastern China	Peterson grab (32 cm × 20 cm, depth of 0–15 cm)	Figments, PE, 20–100 µm	Z.F.Wang et al. (2018)
	3	Benthic sediment	Peterson grab (32 cm × 20 cm, depth of 0–15 cm)	Figments, PE, 20–100 µm	Z.F.Wang et al. (2018)
	4	Skudai and Tebrau river, Malaysia	Box corer	1001–5000 μm	Sarijan et al. (2018)
	4	Benthic sediment	Box corer	1001–5000 μm	Sarijan et al. (2018)
	5	Cecina river estuary, Tuscany, Italy	Wide mouth glass jars 1 L by scientific scuba divers (depth of 5 cm)	Fragments, > 500 µm	Blašković et al. (2018)
	5	Littoral sediment andBenthic sediment		Fragments, > 500 µm	Blašković et al. (2018)
Lagoon	1	Lagoon of Venice, Italy	Box corer (depth of 0–5 cm)	Fragments, PE, < 100 µm	Vianello et al. (2013)
	1	Benthic sediment	Box corer (depth of 0–5 cm)	Fragments, PE, < 100 µm	Vianello et al. (2013)
	2	Complex Lagoon-Channel of Bizerte, Northern Tunisia	Stainless steel spatula (0.25 m × 0.25 m quadrats, depth of 2–3 cm)	Fibers	Abidli et al. (2016)
	2	Littoral sediment		Fibers	Abidli et al. (2016)