3. Sensitivity analysis: fixed‐effect model vs random‐effects model.

Outcomes or subgroup	Mean difference, IV, fixed‐effect model, 95% CI	Mean difference, IV, random‐effects model, 95% CI
2.1 SBP (≤ 6 hours)	‐5.63 [‐8.25, ‐3.02] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 24.51, df = 9 (P = 0.004); I² = 63% Test for overall effect: Z = 4.22 (P < 0.0001)	‐6.15 [‐10.55, ‐1.75] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 24.51, df = 9 (P = 0.004); I² = 63% Test for overall effect: Z = 2.74 (P = 0.006)
2.2 DBP (≤ 6 hours)	‐4.01 [‐6.02, ‐2.00] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 21.81, df = 9 (P = 0.009); I² = 59% Test for overall effect: Z = 3.91 (P < 0.0001)	‐3.76 [‐7.02, ‐0.50] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 21.81, df = 9 (P = 0.009); I² = 59% Test for overall effect: Z = 2.26 (P = 0.02)
2.3 MAP (≤ 6 hours)	‐2.17 [‐3.68, ‐0.65] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 38.36, df = 12 (P = 0.0001); I² = 69% Test for overall effect: Z = 2.80 (P = 0.005)	‐2.92 [‐5.76, ‐0.07] Heterogeneity: Chi² = 38.36, df = 12 (P = 0.0001); I² = 69% Test for overall effect: Z = 2.01 (P = 0.04)

CI: confidence interval.
DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
IV: inverse variance.
MAP: mean arterial pressure.
SBP: systolic blood pressure.