Luger 2012.

Study characteristics
Methods	Parallel RCT Approved by the ethics committee and written informed consents obtained Site: Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Data collection: no information Funding: "the manuscript was solely supported by institutional and private resources" Registration: no information
Participants	34 ASA I to III very elderly participants (> 80 years) with hip fracture (of whom 3 with dementia had to be excluded) scheduled for surgery under spinal anaesthesia Excluded: patients with score < 18 on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, whose surgery did not take place within 36 hours, with known intolerance or allergies to drugs, planned or required general anaesthesia, refusal of consent, participation in a different study, administration of midazolam as premedication, chronic pain, contraindications and spinal anaesthesia failure, incomplete data records Type of fracture: pertrochanteric femur fracture (45%) or medial femur neck fracture (55%) Anaesthetic technique for surgery: spinal block Surgical technique: hemi‐arthroplasty (35%), total hip replacement (10%), dynamic hip screw (30%), cannulated screws (5%) or proximal femoral nail (20%) Mean age: 89 years (range not mentioned) Percentage female: 95% Length of follow‐up: in hospital
Interventions	Intervention: continuous femoral (3‐in‐1) nerve block (N = 10) Comparator: no nerve block (N = 10)
Outcomes	Relevant to this review. Pain. Myocardial ischaemia (number of participants with positive outcome). Opioids. Not relevant to this review. Cognition. Hospital length of stay.
Notes	Conflict of interest: "the author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article" DOI: 10.1177/2151458512470953 Study also includes a group with epidural analgesia (N = 14) ‐ not retained in this review Email sent on 5 January 2020