Mouzopoulos 2009.

Study characteristics
Methods	Parallel RCT Approved by the ethics committee and signed informed consents obtained Site: University of Athens, Athens, Greece Data collection: July 2004 until March 2008 Funding: not stated Registration: not stated
Participants	207 participants aged ≥ 70 years at intermediate or high risk of delirium scheduled for hip fracture repair Risk classification was based on the presence of 4 predictive risk factors (severity of illness, measured by acute physiology, age, and long‐term health examination; cognitive impairment, measured by the mini‐mental state examination score; index of dehydration, measured by the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine; and visual impairment, measured by the standardized Snellen test) as described by Inouye. Intermediate risk for postoperative delirium was defined as the presence of 1 or 2 risk factors; high risk was defined as the presence of ≥ 3 risk factors Excluded: delirium at admission, metastatic hip cancer, history of bupivacaine allergy, use of cholinesterase inhibitors, severe coagulopathy, parkinsonism, epilepsy, levodopa treatment, surgery delayed longer than 72 hours after admission, inability to participate in interviews (profound dementia, respiratory isolation, intubation, aphasia, coma, or terminal illness) Type of fracture: intertrochanteric (71.5%) or subcapital fracture Anaesthetic technique for surgery: epidural anaesthesia Surgical technique: subcapital and trochanteric hip fractures were treated with hemi‐arthroplasty (29.5%) and intramedullary nailing, respectively Mean age: 72.7 years (range not stated) Percentage female: 74.4% Length of follow‐up: in‐hospital
Interventions	Intervention: repeated fascia iliaca compartment block (N = 108) Comparator: sham block (N = 111)
Outcomes	Relevant to this review. Pain. Acute confusional state (reduction was seen only in participants at intermediate risk of developing delirium ‐ not among those at high risk). Mortality. Complications. Not relevant to this review. Cognitive function.
Notes	Conflict of interest: "the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript" DOI: 10.1007/s10195‐009‐0062‐6 Email sent on 5 January 2020 Sources obtained for risk of bias assessment. Journal article with results of the trial.