TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics of the sample (n = 95)
| M (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Child age (months) at Time 1 (2 years) | 25.6 (0.6) | 24.6–28.1 |
| Child age (months) at Time 2 (4½ years) | 56.9 (1.4) | 54.1–63.0 |
| Maternal Education (years)a | 11.8 (3.1) | 3–18 |
| SESb | 26.6 (11.1) | 10.5–64.5 |
| Spanish exposure (%)c | ||
| Time 1 | ||
| Overall | 85.7 (13.9) | 36–100 |
| Caregivers only | 95.8 (8.3) | 47–100 |
| Time 2 | ||
| Overall | 67.5 (21.9) | 12–100 |
| Caregivers only | 85.0 (18.7) | 10–100 |
a
Number of years of education: high school graduate = 12 years; college graduate = 16 years; post college degree = 18 years.
b
Socioeconomic status (SES) at 4½ years based on an updated version of the Hollingshead Index of Socioeconomic Status (HI), derived from a composite of the education and occupation of both parents (Hollingshead, 1975).
c
Mean proportion of hours child is reported to be exposed to Spanish (vs. English) from all sources (overall) and from primary caregivers based on a comprehensive language background interview.