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. 2021 May 19;2(2):100545. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100545

Table 2.

Estimated fraction of inspired oxygen (F_iO₂) for O₂ delivery devices and their flow rates (Catterall et al., 1967; Frat et al, 2015; Hardavella et al., 2019; Coudroy et al., 2020)

Oxygen Device	Oxygen flow rate (L/min)	Estimated FiO₂ (%)
Nasal Cannula	1	24
	2	27
	3	30
	4	33
	5	36
	6	39
Simple Face Mask	6–10	44–50
Non-Rebreather Mask	10–20	Approximately 60–80
	20	60
	30	~70
	40	~80
High Flow Nasal Cannula	30–70	50–100