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. 2021 May 19;288(1951):20210329. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0329

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© 2021 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — (a) Variability (standard deviation) in surface rugosity across scales recorded on natural rocky shores and artificial coastal structures (rock armour and seawalls) around Wales, UK. Solid lines represent the mean site-level variability (50th percentile) and shaded areas indicate the 95th and 5th percentiles. The distribution of variability recorded on natural shores is semi-transparently underlain with those recorded on artificial structures for comparison. (b) nMDS ordination, based on Gower dissimilarities, of variation in multiscale surface rugosity between rock armour (orange squares), seawalls (grey triangles) and natural rocky shores (green circles).