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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020 Nov 19;62(1):58–65. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.014

Table 3.

Major Themes and Associated Codes

Theme Code Category Major Codes
Different articulations of benefit in active vs. passive MT Perception of benefit Calming effect: soothing
Relaxing
Stimulating
Joyous
Choice promotes a sense of empowerment Patient participation Significant or meaningful song
 Subtheme: Music fosters connection/relationships not centered on disease state Feeling in control
Relationship with therapist
Changed perception of hospital experience and redirection of focus Attitudes toward treatment of clinical experience Benefit: Not focused on pain
Benefit: Interaction
Effects of therapy last postvisit
Hospital experience
Recommendations for MT differ by active vs. passive participation Needs and recommendations Patient suggestions
Unmet needs

MT = music therapy.