Table 2.

Differences in Utilization of Visits and Services Between Patients and Historic Controls, with Measures of Effect

	Patients, ICS-GI* (N = 254)				Historic controls, non-ICS-GI* (N = 376)				Negative binomial
	Mean	SD	Median	IQR	Mean	SD	Median	IQR	OR (95% CI)	p value
All outpatient	6.2	5.5	5.0	(2.0, 9.0)	6.5	5.4	5.0	(2.0, 9.0)	1.0 (0.7, 1.4)	p = 0.90
Primary care outpatient	3.1	3.3	2.0	(1.0, 4.0)	2.7	2.7	2.0	(1.0, 4.0)	1.5 (1.1, 2.2)	0.02
Outpatient GI**	0.3	0.7	0.0	(0.0, 0.0)	0.7	1.2	0.0	(0.0, 1.0)	0.3 (0.2, 0.7)	< 0.0001
Other outpatient specialty	3.0	3.4	2.0	(0.0, 4.0)	3.6	4.1	2.0	(1.0, 5.0)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	0.05
Emergency department	0.8	1.5	0.0	(0.0, 1.0)	0.7	1.4	0.0	(0.0, 1.0)	1.4 (0.6, 3.1)	0.40
Inpatient	0.2	0.6	0.0	(0.0, 0.0)	0.2	0.7	0.0	(0.0, 0.0)	1.1 (0.4, 2.8)	0.90

ICS-GI, integrated community specialist–gastroenterology; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GI, gastroenterology