FIGURE 3.

Anxiety measured with open field exploration. Open field testing was performed at 10 weeks after incision and anesthesia (N = 20) or anesthesia alone (sham) (N = 20). (A) Ambulation in the center zone is reduced in the incision group while there is no difference in ambulation in the corners between the two groups representing reduced exploration of the center zone once entered. (B) Center zone entries are significantly reduced in the incision group which suggests increased anxiety and reduced exploration in the open zone. *Statistically significant difference between groups (unpaired t-test).