Table 1.
The characteristic, neuropsychological assessments and MRI results of the participants.
| Total, n = 77 | VCIND, n = 44 | NC, n = 33 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66.44 ± 6.92 | 66.05 ± 7.18 | 66.97 ± 6.62 | 0.565 |
| Female (n, %) | 37 (48.1%) | 19 (43.2%) | 18 (54.5%) | 0.323 |
| Education (year) | 11.12 ± 2.66 | 10.64 ± 2.27 | 11.76 ± 3.02 | 0.067 |
| Fazekas = 2 (n, %) | 28 (36.4%) | 14 (31.8%) | 14 (42.4%) | 0.338 |
| Medical history (n, %) | ||||
| Hypertension | 57 (74.0%) | 35 (79.5%) | 22 (66.7%) | 0.202 |
| Diabetes | 19 (24.7%) | 10 (22.7%) | 9 (27.3%) | 0.647 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 42 (54.5%) | 25 (56.8%) | 17 (51.5%) | 0.644 |
| ApoE ε4 positive (n, %) | 12 (15.6%) | 10 (22.7%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0.046 |
| Neuropsychological assessments | ||||
| MMSE | 26.94 ± 2.37 | 25.66 ± 2.24 | 28.64 ± 1.17 | <0.001 |
| WHO-UCLA AVLT | ||||
| Immediate recall | 21.83 ± 6.92 | 17.52 ± 5.17 | 27.58 ± 4.27 | <0.001 |
| Delayed free recall | 6.91 ± 3.37 | 4.75 ± 2.40 | 9.79 ± 1.07 | <0.001 |
| Recognition | 10.00 ± 3.05 | 8.64 ± 2.96 | 11.82 ± 2.10 | <0.001 |
| BNT | 22.62 ± 3.78 | 21.86 ± 4.07 | 23.64 ± 3.13 | 0.041 |
| TMT B-A* | 45.70 (27.00–114.35) | 69.25 (33.07–150.00) | 32.00 (20.00–62.50) | 0.028 |
| MRI indices | ||||
| FA | ||||
| Mean FA for global WM | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | <0.001 |
| ACR | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.555 |
| ATR | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.001 |
| CGC | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.011 |
| CGH | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.915 |
| CST | 0.49 ± 0.03 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | 0.50 ± 0.02 | 0.026 |
| FMA | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.009 |
| FMI | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.05 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.008 |
| IFO | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.003 |
| ILF | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.003 |
| PTR | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.014 |
| SLF | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | <0.001 |
| STR | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.217 |
| UNC | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.003 |
| Total GM volume, ml | 574.05 ± 56.36 | 563.71 ± 56.58 | 587.82 ± 53.85 | 0.063 |
| Total GM volume ratio† | 0.3877 ± 0.0388 | 0.3753 ± 0.0414 | 0.4043 ± 0.0279 | 0.001 |
| Mean hippocampal volume, ml | 3.84 ± 0.21 | 3.76 ± 0.23 | 3.94 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Mean hippocampal volume ratio† | 0.0026 ± 0.0003 | 0.0025 ± 0.0003 | 0.0027 ± 0.0003 | 0.005 |
| NbM volume, ml | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.67 ± 0.09 | 1.72 ± 0.06 | 0.002 |
| NbM volume ratio† | 0.0011 ± 0.0001 | 0.0011 ± 0.0001 | 0.0012 ± 0.0001 | 0.013 |
WMH, white matter hyperintensity; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; WHO-UCLA AVLT, WHO-UCLA Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test; TMT B-A, Trail Making Test B-A; ATR, anterior thalamic radiation; ACR, acoustic radiation; CGC, cingulate gyrus part of cingulum; CGH, parahippocampal part of cingulum; CST, corticospinal tract; FMA, forceps major; FMI, forceps minor; IFO, inferior fronto-occi pital fasciculus; ILF, inferior longitudinal fasciculus; PTR, posterior thalamic radiation; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus; STR, superior thalamic radiation; UNC, uncinate.
Values are medians (interquartile ranges). Mann–Whitney U tests were used for group comparisons.
Corrected for ICV.