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. 2021 May 18;11:10476. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88448-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship of Treg to effector cell subpopulations and treatment in HD and MS patients. (A) Ratio of Treg Population II to activated/memory effector cells in population IV was examined. No significant difference was observed in MS (n = 36) compared to HD (n = 20). (B) Ratio of Treg Population I to effector cells in Population V found no significant difference between HD (n = 20) and MS patients (n = 36). (C) Comparison of Population II in Treg in HD (n = 20) and MS patients that either had no recent immunomodulatory therapy (n = 20) or received immunomodulatory therapy in last three months (n = 15). Significant differences were found between HD and MS patients who were off therapy (p = 0.0026) or were on immune modulating therapy for MS in the last three months of sampling (p = 0.04). (D) Comparison of Treg subpopulations in HD (n = 20), to patients with active MS (n = 22) and those who did not have active MS (n = 12). MS was classified as active if patients reported a clinical relapse or deterioration of symptoms within the last 3 months. Significant difference was observed in Treg Population II in MS patients with inactive disease compared to HD(p = 0.012). Patients with active MS, did not have an increase in Population II, albeit five of 20 patients had increased number of Population II above mean value for HD.