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. 2021 May 18;12:2932. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23065-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Pre-electrolysis and post-electrolysis N 1 s XPS spectra for a sample containing a 4:1 ratio of CNP to CuPc. b Prolonged CO₂ electroreduction to CH₄ for a sample containing a 4:1 ratio of CNP to CuPc at a fixed current density of 190 mA cm⁻². c Comparison with the previous CO₂RR to CH₄ product data reports at high current density. The references are from ref. ⁹; ref. ⁵²; ref. ⁵³; ref. ⁵⁴ and ref. ⁵⁵.